Unit1 语法-形容词副词的比较级最高级梳理 学案 2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级【例题讲解】1.Mysisteristwoyears________________(old)thanI.2.John’sparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe________________(young)child.3.Theboyisnotso___________________(interesting)ashisbrother.【知识梳理】形容词和副词有三个比较等级，即：1.原级，也就是原形。2.比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”的意思。（用于两者之间比较）PengYuchangistallerthanZhangZifeng.Theclothesinthisshoparemoreexpensivethanthoseinthatshop.3.最高级，表示“最……”的意思。（用于三者或三者以上的比较）ZhangZifengtalksmostquietlyamongthefourpeople.一、形容词的同级比较★同级比较，即表示两者(A与B)在某一方面相同时用句型：A+谓语+as+形容词+as+B表示“和…一样”例：EnglishisasimportantasMaths.Thisrulerisaslongasthatone. 这把尺子和那把尺子一样长。 A+谓语+not+as/so+形容词+as+B表示“和…不一样，A不如B…”例：Jimisnotas/sotallasTom. 吉姆不如汤姆高。Thisbookisnotas/sointerestingasthatone.二、形容词的比较级与最高级构成方法如下：1、一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级＋er ， 最高级＋estclever－cleverer－cleverestfew－fewer－fewestsmall－smaller－smallestyoung－younger－youngesttall－taller－tallestlong－longerlongestshort－shorter－shorteststrong－stronger－strongestwarm－warmer－warmestslow－slower－slowestold－older－oldesthigh－higher－highestlight－lighter－lightestfast－faster－fastestgreat—greater—greatest2、以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；    nice－nicer－nicestlate－later－latestable－abler－ablestbrave－braver－bravest(勇敢的)cute－cuter－cutestlarge－larger－largest3、以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；  easy－easier－easiesthappy－happier－happiestearly－earlier－earliest10,busy－busier－busiestheavy－heavier－heaviestdirty－dirtier－dirtiestlazy－lazier－laziestdry－drier－driestpretty－prettier－prettiest4、在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写尾字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；  fat－fatter－fattestthin－thinner－thinnesthot－hotter－hottestwet－wetter－wettestbig－bigger－biggestsad－sadder－saddest5、其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；beautiful －more  beautiful － mostbeautifulcareful－morecareful－mostcarefulexpensivedelicious（美味的）popular（流行的）important（重要的）interesting（有趣的）afraid（害怕）quickly（迅速地的）quietly(安静地)6、少数不规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级,必须熟记。good/well—better—bestlittle—less—least bad/ill—worse—worst　old—older/elder—oldest/eldest many/much—more—mostfar—further/farther—furthest（表示距离）/farthest（表示程度）特别提醒：◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组：furtherstudy(进修)  furthereducation(继续教育)  furtherinformation(进一步的信息)◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。◇以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加more，most如：Slowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyquickly-morequickly-mostquickly特别提醒：early-earlier-earliest 【小试牛刀】写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级例1：写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice ___________________ 2. fat _____________3. slow _____________________  4.dry____________________5. happy ______________6. wet _____________________ 7. much ____________8. ill____________________9. little _____________________  10. bad ___________________11. thin ______________12. far __________________13.early___________________14. careful_____________15. exciting___________________16.well__________________17. few____________________18.busy___________________例2：精讲精练Tomis(tall)thanSam.Tomruns(fast)thanSam.Shecomeshome(late)thanme.10,Yourpresentis(nice)thanmypresent.Whichis(easy),mathorEnglish?Mymotherisusually(busy)thanme.Shanghaiis(big)thananyothercityinChina.Samis________(fat)thanPeter.Ithinkthisstoryis__________________(interesting)thanthatone.Ifeelmathis______________(difficult)thanChinese.Whichdoyoulike_________(well),pearsorbananas?Mybooksare(much)thanyourbooks.三、★形容词比较级常见于以下句式：（1）比较级＋than...：……比……较为……。A＋动词＋形容词或副词比较级＋than＋B，两者相比较，A比B更……一些。　HisbrotherisyoungerthanI（me）.　BeijingismorebeautifulthanWuhan.【注意】在比较级前有时可加一些修饰语，如much,alot,alittle,still,even等以示加强语气。Thisboxisalittleheavierthanyours.　　Thismovieismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.　（2）“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+原级（多音节词）”意为“越来越……”。Theboysaregettingstrongerandstronger.Ourcityismoreandmorebeautiful.（3）“the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越……就越……”。例如：Themoreyouread,themoreyouknow.Themoredifficulttheproblemis,themorecarefulweshouldbe.（4）我们用“Which/Who…+比较级，…or…？”的句型来表示在两者中选择。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth？Whoistaller,TomorTerry？（5）“比较级+thananyother+名词单数”表示“…比任何…都…”用于同一类人或物在某同一范围内比较。Mikeistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.(Mike也是这个班里的)=Mikeistallerthanotherboysinhisclass.=Mikeisthetallestboyinhisclass.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.（6）“比较级+thanany+名词单数”表示“…比任何…都…”用于同一类人或物在不同范围内比较。Mikeistallerthananyboyinmyclass.(Mike不是我们班的)ShanghaiislargerthananycityinShandong.10,（7）“the+比较级+ofthetwo”突出两者中更...的那一个Mikeisthetallerofthetwo.★形容词最高级常见于以下句式：（1）…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数，意为“……之一”。例如：LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury. （2）…最高级+of(in/among)…，意为“……之中，最……”。例如：TheYangtzeRiver（TheChangjiangRiver）isthelongestriverinourcountry.Peteristhetallestofthesixstudents.（3）Thisis/was+最高级+名词+that定语从句，意为“这是最……”。例如：ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears. 【小试牛刀】适当形式填空1.Heis3timesas__________(old)asme.2.I'mtootiredtogoany_____________.(far)3.Whois____________(clever),LilyorLucy?4.Tomisthe_____________(heavy)ofthethree.5.Tomisthe_____________(heavy)ofthetwoboys.6.Russiais_____________(large)thananyothercountryintheworld.7.Hiscomputeristhe_________________(expensive)ofall.8.Youarepretty_____________(beautiful).9.Thebookis______________(useful)thanthatone.10.Who'sthe_______________(healthy),you,heorshe?11.How______________(small)theshirtis!Iwanta_____________(big)one.12.Ifeelmuch_______________(excited)now.13.Soccerisbecoming___________and______________________(popular)inChina.14.The_____________(much)youpractice,the_____________(good)yourEnglishwillbe.15.It'sthethird___________________(long)riverinChina.三、副词的原级，比较级和最高级*副词最高级前的the可以省略副词变比较级和最高级的规则例子大多数单音节副词在词尾加___变成比较级，加___变成最高级。e.g.hard-harder-hardeste.g.late-later-latest多音节和部分双音节副词，在原级前加___变成比较级，加___变成最高级。e.g.quickly-morequickly-mostquickly例句：Danieldrivesfasterthanme.Sheplaysvolleyball(the)bestinherclass.Hejumpshigherthanme.Hejumps(the)highestinhisclass.10,【小试牛刀】写出下列副词的比较级和最高级1.high__________2.brightly__________3.badly__________4.strongly__________5.loudly__________6.hard__________【小试牛刀】适当形式填空1.Ben__________(jump)____________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.2.__________Nancysing____________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she___________.3.Jimruns___________(slow).ButBenruns___________(slow).4.LiLeispeaksEnglish_____________(well)inhisgroup.5.Alicewrites___________________(carefully)thanI.6.Mysisterdoesn'twriteas_______________(good)asIdo.四、比较级与最高级中需要注意事项1.比较应在同类事物之间进行。误：YourEnglishisbetterthanme.正：YourEnglishisbetterthanmine.2.比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的修饰词是：alittle,much,far,even。以下单词也可用来修饰：any,still,alot,yet,rather。例：Mysisterisalittletallerthanme.Theirhouseismuchlargerthanours.特别提醒：very,quite,too不可修饰比较级。比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，需使用other来排除自身。例：误：ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.正：ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.误：Johnstudiesharderthananystudentinhisclass.正：Johnstudiesharderthananyotherstudentinhisclass.正：Johnstudiesharderthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.正：Johnstudiesharderthananyoneelseinhisclass.4.比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。例：ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.5.序数词通常只修饰最高级。例：Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.6.★为避免重复，我们通常用that,those代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数。10,例：TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfromthatinAmerica.Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.7.比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了ofthetwo，这时比较级前一定要加the。例：Heisthetallerofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs,hechosetheharder.【注意】试比较：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.8.不含than的比较级前可加a/an修饰，构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示“一个更…的人/物”。例：Whydon'tyouuseasharperknife?你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢？9.比较级than后应用主语加谓语，即比较状语从句的形式，但非正式语体中常用宾格形式。例：Heistallerthanme/Iam.10.◇“否定词+比较级”相当于最高级。--Icouldn'tagreemore.Theideasoundsgreattome.我完全同意你。这个主意听起来对我来说很重要。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.【例题解析】1).Sandyisalittle___________(heavy)thanMillie.2).Ofthesixstudents,Millieis__________(fat)swimmer.3).Amyis_________(nice)swimmerofthesixstudents.4).Sandy’sdrawingis________________(beautiful)inherclass.5).Wecangetthere_________________(easily)thanthem.6).They’regettingreadyforthesportsmeeting___________(busily)thanus.7).ThewindonMay1stisblowing__________________(strongly)inMay.8).Heplaysthepiano______________(badly)inourclass.9).Heisspeaking__________________(angrily)thanhisdad.10).Sheruns__________________(fast)ofall.【课堂练习】一、用所给词的正确形式完成句子。1.Wealldon’tlikehimbecauseheis___(a/an)______(honest)boy.2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_______(long)riversintheworld.10,3.Amongthesixstudents,Millieruns_________(slow).4.Shewillbemuch_______________(happy)inhernewhouse.5.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe________________(clever).6.Gold(黄金)is________________(little)usefulthaniron(铁).7.Mysisteristwoyears________________(old)thanI.8.Theboyisnotso___________________(interesting)ashisbrother.二、单项选择1.Thepriceoftelevisionsetsisbecoming_________.SoeveryfamilyhasatleastoneTV.A.fewerandfewerB.lessandlessC.higherandhigherD.lowerandlower2.---Howwasyourlisteningtestlastweek?---Oh,Icouldn'tfeel__________.Imadefewmistakesinit.A.betterB.bestC.worseD.worst3.Aftertheeducationreform(改革)inJiangSuProvince,it'shopedthatthestudentswillhave_____timetorelaxand_________homeworktodo.A.less,moreB.much,manyC.fewer,moreD.more,less4.ThenumberofthetouriststoSuzhou_____andanumberofthem____theirholidayduringtheirstay.A.isgettinglargerandlarger;enjoyB.aregettingmoreandmore;enjoysC.isgettingmoreandmore;enjoyD.aregettinglargerandlarger;enjoys5.“ReadingCorner”,whichenteredHappyCommunityCenterthisspring,hasmadeit________forthepeopletheretoexperiencethepleasureofreadingthanbefore.A.easyB.easierC.easilyD.moreeasily6.Weshoulddothingsbetterwith_______peopleand______money.A.more,fewerB.fewer,lessC.more,moreD.less,fewer7.Danielisthebeststudentinourclass.Healwaysworksthanus.A.muchharderB.moreharderC.muchhardD.morehard8.Theweightoftheelephantis_______than_______ofanyotheranimalinthezoo.A.more;itB.more;thatC.heavier;thatD.more;theone9.WangHuaspeaksEnglishverywell,butofcoursenot______thepeopleborninAmerica.A.sogoodasB.asgoodasC.thebestasD.aswellas10._______childrenthereareinafamily,_______theirlifewillbe.A.Theless;thebetterB.Thefewer;thebetterC.Fewer;richerD.More;poorer11.Nowonder(难怪)Kobeisoneofthebestplayers.Hepracticesthanhisteammates.A.morehardlyB.muchharderC.muchhardlyD.moreharder12.Thecarisrunning.Itseemstobeflying_______.A.moreandfasterB.morefastandfastC.fasterandfastD.fasterandfaster10,13.Ifyouwanttobehealthier,youhavetoeat_______andexercise_______.A.fewer;moreB.few;fewerC.less;moreD.less;fewer14.Mylittlesonseemed_______aftergrandmagavehimabottleofCola.A.muchmorehappilyB.tobealittlehappierC.tobemorehappierD.alittlemorehappily15.---WhatdoyouthinkofMissLi'steaching?---Oh,Ithinknooneteaches.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best三、完成句子1.Idon’tthinkMathsisasinterestingasEnglish.IthinkEnglishis_________________________________Maths.2.YiJianlianistallerthananyotherplayerinhisteam.=YiJianlianis_____________________inhisteam.3.他的鞋子比我的贵多了。Hisshoesaremuch______________________________________________.4.我觉得野营是最刺激的户外运动之一。Ifeelcampingisoneof___________________________________.【课后作业】一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:little___________wide_____________fat_________heavy__________thin_____________few_________badly____________far______/_____________/_______unhappy___________quickly________________二、用所给词的正确形式填空:1.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe_______(clever).2.Gold(黄金)is______(little)usefulthaniron(铁).3.Mysisteristwoyears_______(old)thanI.4.John’sparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_____(young)child.5.The_____(cheap)bagsarethenotusuallythebestones.6.Theshortoneisbyfar_______expensiveofthefive.7.Theboyisnotso______(interesting)ashisbrother.8.Shewillbemuch______(happy)inhermewhouse.9.Thisdressis______thanthatone.(expensive)10.Bobis_________(young)thanFredbut___________(tall)thanFred.11.YingTianisnotas___________(tall)asYongXian.12.She'sonly1.40metres_____(tall).Sheismuch___(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe___(short)girlintheclass.13.Heismuch_____(bad)atChineseandheisthe_______(bad)atEnglish.10,14.TheChangjiangRiveristhe_______(long)riverinChina.15.NowadaysEnglishis_________(important)thananyothersubject,1think.三、选择题。1.----DoyouenjoythefilmMissionImpossible---RogueNation?----Ofcourse.Ihaveneverseenoneinthelastfewyears.A.abetterB.thebetterC.thebestD.abest2.----Steveisgoodatwritingshortstories.----Yes,heis.Buthewritesthanus,sohedoesn'tgetgoodpointsinwriting.A.lesscarefullyB.morecarefullyC.morecarefulD.lesscareful3.Thenumberoftheteachersinourschoolisbecoming.A.men;fewerandfewerB.man;moreandmoreC.man;largerandlargerD.men;smallerandsmaller4.Jackis______ofthetwoboys.A.tallerB.tallC.thetallerD.thetallest5.---Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?---Prettygood.Ihaveneverseen_____betterfilmthanthis.A./B.aB.anD.the6.Shanghaiislargerthan________inJiangsuProvince.A.anycityB.anyothercityC.anycitiesD.anyothercities7.Chinaislargerthan______inAsia.A.anycountryB.anyothercountryC.theothercountriesD.anycountries8.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthan________Hangzhou.A.theoneB.thisC.thatD.weather9.Zhenjiangisoneof_________________inChina.A.themostbeautifulcityB.mostbeautifulcitiesC.themostbeautifulcitiesD.mostbeautifulcity10._________youare,_________mistakesyouwillmake.A.Morecareful,fewerB.Mostcareful,fewestC.Themorecareful,thefewerD.Themostcareful,thefewest11.Thebooksinthisstorearemoreexpensivethan________inMrZhang's.A.thatB.theseC.onesD.theones12.Thisis_________filmIhaveeverseen.A.thebestB.thebetterC.thebetterD.best13.Todayitis_________thanyesterday.A.morehotterB.muchmorehotterC.hottermoreD.muchhotter14.Thekids learn to be independent(独立的), theit is for their future.    A. early; good  B. early; better  C. earlier; better  D. earlier; good10,15.Mum,I'mfeelingeven_______thanyesterday.A.badB.worseC.theworseD.thewors10