高中英语2025届高考常考高频派生词汇总(共三大类)
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高考英语常考高频派生词一、后缀法1.变名词8(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在exist—existence 发生occur—occurrence查阅/参考refer—reference更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference不同differ—difference 接受accept—acceptance出现appear—appearance 履行perform—performance抵制resist—resistance 指导guide—guidance进入enter—entrance 保险insure—insurance帮助assist—assistance忍受endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produce—production 介绍introduce—introduction消费consume—consumption 减少reduce—reduction认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition毁灭destroy—destruction 描写describe—description打断interrupt—interruption 采纳/收养adopt—adoption防止prevent—prevention接收/接待处receive—reception解决solve—solution 进化evolve—evolution建议suggest—suggestion 编辑/版本edit—edition展览exhibit—exhibition打算/意图intend—intention认出recognize—recognition 解释/定义define—definition保护protect—protection 方向/指导direct—direction指令instruct—instruction 建设construct—construction注射inject—injection 感染infect—infection驳斥reject—rejection反对object—objection/oppose—opposition连接connect—connection 收集collect—collection纠正correct—correction视察inspect—inspection挑选select—selection选举elect—election限制restrict—restriction抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction保留reserve—reservation 保存preserve—preservation保护conserve—conservation 观察observe—observation挨饿starve—starvation组织organize—organization文明civilize—civilization 认识realize—realization考试examine—examination 决定determine—determination形成form—formation通知inform—information想象imagine—imagination运输transport—transportation邀请invite—invitation期待expect—expectation诱惑tempt—temptation 改编/适应adapt—adaptation移民immigrate—immigration 模仿imitate—imitation准备prepare—preparation 探索explore—exploration考虑consider—consideration 宣布declare—declaration装饰decorate—decoration 激发/灵感inspire—inspiration放松/休闲relax—relaxation交流communicate—communication占用/职业occupy—occupation满足satisfy—satisfaction 8
申请/应用apply—application暗示imply—implication推荐recommend—recommendation口译/理解interpret—interpretation结合combine—combination 操作/手术operate—operation犹豫hesitate—hesitation 教育educate—education定位locate—location 指出indicate—indication参加participate—participation计算calculate—calculation欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation联想/协会associate—association分离separate—separation 冬眠hibernate—hibernation赔偿compensate—compensation调查investigate—investigation庆祝celebrate—celebration祝贺congratulate—congratulation翻译translate—translation积累accumulate—accumulation加速accelerate—acceleration 捐赠donate—donation解放liberate—liberation 动力motivate—motivation革新innovate—innovation集中concentrate—concentration游行/示威demonstrate—demonstration贡献contribute—contribution 分发distribute—distribution促进promote—promotion致力devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication沮丧frustrate—frustration/depress—depression印象impress—impression 表达express—expression拥有/财产possess—possession讨论discuss—discussion扩大expand—expansion延伸extend—extension承认admit—admission允许permit—permission排放emit—emission 爆炸explode—explosion结论conclude—conclusion 决定decide—decision划分divide—division 迷惑confuse—confusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告advertise—advertisement同意agree—agreement惊奇amaze—amazement 吃惊astonish—astonishment通告announce—announcement 安排arrange—arrangement评估assess—assessment 发展develop—development失望disappoint—disappointment雇用/就业employ—employment鼓舞encourage—encouragement款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment装备equip—equipment统治/政府govern—government改进improve—improvement 投资invest—investment卷入involve—involvement 管理manage—management惩罚punish—punishment 要求require—requirement退休retire—retirement定居/定居处settle—settlement阐述/陈述state—statement 对待/治疗treat—treatment以……为基础/地下室base—basement铺/人行道pave—pavement完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.—n.意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness苦bitter—bitterness 盲目blind—blindness冷静calm—calmness 聪明clever—cleverness疯狂crazy—craziness 渴望eager—eagerness公平fair—fairness 愚蠢foolish—foolishness适合fit—fitness 幸福/愉快happy—happiness8
疾病ill—illness 友好kind—kindness懒惰lazy—laziness 孤独lonely—loneliness宁静quiet—quietness悲伤sad—sadness严重性serious—seriousness 甜美sweet—sweetness稳定steady—steadiness 厚度thick—thickness累tired—tiredness 弱点weak—weakness冷/冷淡cold—coldness惶恐不安nervous—nervousness思乡homesick—homesickness粗心careless—carelessness 自私selfish—selfishness无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness(5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marry—marriage 短缺short—shortage储存store—storage 包裹pack—package车厢carry—carriage 通道pass—passage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warm—warmth 真理true—truth死亡dead—death 成长grow—growth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐please—pleasure 离开depart—departure暴露expose—exposure 压力press—pressure失败fail—failure 混合mix—mixture签名sign—signature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.—n.缺席absent—absence 出席present—presence信心confident—confidence方便convenient—convenience不同different—difference勤奋diligent—diligence远的/距离distant—distance明显的/证据evident—evidence优秀excellent—excellence 重要important—importance独立independent—independence天真/无辜innocent—innocence智力intelligent—intelligence公正just—justice耐心patient—patience浪漫romantic—romance沉默silent—silence 暴力violent—violencev.—n.冒犯offend—offence防御defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)建议advise—advice 设施devise—device(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由free—freedom 王国king—kingdom智慧wise—wisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood 男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership 锦标赛championship友谊friendship 手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship 领导才能leadership艰难hardship 关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming 变暖warming园艺gardening 学业schooling绘画painting 意思meaning绘画drawing 训练training录音tape-recording 衣物clothing8
感觉feeling 十字路口crossing工资earnings 问候greeting储蓄savings 所发生的事情happenings发现findings 财产belongings痛苦suffering 贡品offering环境surroundings 保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting 射击shooting摔跤wrestling82.变形容词8(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.—adj.阳光灿烂的sun—sunny 多雨的rain—rainy被雪覆盖的snow—snowy 有风的wind—windy有暴风雨的storm—stormy 寒冷的chill—chilly多雾的fog—foggy 有霜的frost—frosty冰冷的ice—icy 阴沉的gloom—gloomy布满星星的star—starry 泥泞的mud—muddy布满灰尘的dust—dusty 脏的dirt—dirty健康的health—healthy 富有的wealth—wealthy霸道的boss—bossy 臭的smell—smelly美味的taste—tasty 咸的salt—salty皮包骨的skin—skinny 贪婪的greed—greedy迅速的speed—speedy 狡猾的/棘手的trick—trickyv.—adj.爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky黏的stick—sticky 悦耳易记的catch—catchy害怕的scare—scary 滑溜的slip—slippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.—adj.全球的globe—global 文化的culture—cultural农业的agriculture—agricultural 情景的situation—situational有条件的condition—conditional环境的environment—environmental化学的chemistry—chemical 医学的medicine—medical原始的origin—original 政治的politics—political实际的practice—practical 理论的theory—theoretical音乐的music—musical 感情的emotion—emotional国家的nation—national 自然的nature—natural个人的person—personal 偶尓的occasion—occasional精神上的mind—mental 身体上的physics—physical偶然的accident—accidental教育的education—educational技术上的technique—technical心理上的psychology—psychological沿海的coast—coastal种族的race—racial 面部的face—facial工业的industry—industrial 金融的finance—financial商业的commerce—commercial 官方的office—official有益的benefit—beneficial 典型的type—typical有影响的influence—influential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thank—thankful=grateful充足的plenty—plentiful 美丽的beauty—beautiful成功的success—successful 可怕的awe—awful忠实的faith—faithful 和平的peace—peaceful8
高兴的joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spot—spotless无休止的end—endless 无家可归的home—homeless无工作的job—jobless=unemployed身无分文的penny—penniless无私的self—selfless=unselfish无目标的aim—aimless无线的wire—wireless 无限的limit—limitless珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable毫无价值的value—valueless/worth—worthless无语的speech—speechless上气不接下气的breath—breathless小心的,粗心的care—careful,careless多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless有用的,无用的use—useful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的help—helpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的thought—thoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.—adj.许多的number—numerous多山的mountain—mountainous冒险的adventure—adventurous紧张的nerve—nervous有毒的poison—poisonous 危险的danger—dangerous灾难的disaster—disastrous 小心的caution—cautious营养的nutrition—nutritious 宗教的religion—religious宽敞的space—spacious有抱负的ambition—ambitious 神秘的mystery—mysterious(5)-able,-(s)ible结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的predict—(un)predictable(不)可避免的avoid—(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire—(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable(不)合适的suit—(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable(不)可信的believe—(un)believable(不)可信的credit—(in)credible(不)可接近的access—(in)accessible看(不)见的view—(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable支付得起的afford—affordable适应力强的adapt—adaptable可更新的renew—renewable便携的port—portable多变的change—changeable可吃的eat—eatable可依靠的rely—reliable可行的work—workable有价值的value—valuable合理的reason—reasonable高兴的enjoy—enjoyable流行的fashion—fashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.—adj.多产的produce—productive 迷人的attract—attractive有创造力的create—creative 保护的protect—protective预防性的prevent—preventative 健谈的talk—talkative可供替代的alter—alternative 相关的relate—relative有教育意义的instruct—instructive有竞争力的compete—competitiven.—adj.有效的effect—effective 贵的expense—expensive8
(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的system—systematic 科学的science—scientific戏剧般的drama—dramatic浪漫的romance—romantic有同情心的sympathy—sympathetic精力充沛的energy—energetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的wool—woolen金色的gold—golden木制的wood—wooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的hand—handsome 令人惊叹的awe—awesome令人烦恼的trouble—troublesome烦人的tire—tiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的dead—deadly 活跃的live—lively友好的friend—friendly 兄弟般的brother—brotherly有次序的order—orderly 昂贵的cost—costly每月的month—monthly 每天的day—daily83.变动词8(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化pure—purify 简化simple—simplify美化beautiful—beautify 使合理化just—justify使恐惧terrible—terrify 使震惊horrible—horrify合格化quality—qualify 分类class—classify(2)-ize结尾的动词:adj.—v.认识到real—realize 使现代化modern—modernize使工业化industrial—industrialize使普及popular—popularize 集权central—centralize使全球化global—globalize 使理想化ideal—idealize使稳定stable—stabilize 使正常化normal—normalize社会化social—socialize 使专门化special—specializen.—v.使物质化material—materialize总结summary—summarize记忆memory—memorize(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗dark—darken 加快quick—quicken削尖sharp—sharpen 削弱weak—weaken松开loose—loosen 变紧tight—tighten软化soft—soften 使更明亮bright—brighten恶化bad—worsen 减少little—lessen减轻/变亮light—lighten 变黑black—blacken加宽broad—broaden 缩短short—shortenadj.—n.—v.加深deep—depth—deepen 加长long—length—lengthen加宽wide—width—widen 加高high—height—heighten加强strong—strength—strengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.—v.洗澡bath—bathe 呼吸breath—breathe给……穿衣cloth—clothe8二、前缀法81.超过over-:无意中听到overhear 超过overtake睡过头oversleep 推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulation 克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover 8
脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew 回收利用recycle替代replace 使恢复精力refresh改革reform 复习review3.前的fore-:预告foretell 前额forehead预报forecast 预知foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition 预告predict战前的pre-war 幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife 前总统ex-president6.后的post-:战后的post-war 研究生postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia 多元文化的multicultural多项选择的multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone 电视television电报telegram 电信telecommunications望远镜telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview 国际的international互联网Internet 相互作用interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone 微波microwave微软microsoft 显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile 自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph 自动地automatically12.副的vice-:副总统vice-president 副总理vice-premier13.生态的eco-:生态学ecology 生态系统ecosystem生态友好的eco-friendly14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese 中石化Sinopec15.潜/次一级sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious 亚热带的subtropical地铁subway 潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban 副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的semi-skilled 半决赛semi-final17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle 三角形triangle18.横跨trans-:转移transfer 转变transform传播transmit 移植transplant8三、否定的前缀或后缀81.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive 不贵的inexpensive缺乏经验的inexperienced 随便的informal不完整的incomplete 不方便的inconvenient独立的independent 间接的indirect不重要的insignificant无能力的incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient8
不成熟的immature 不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect 不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite 不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal 不规则的irregular不负责的irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual 不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的uncertain 不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon 不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant 不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful 没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy 不合理的unreasonable未完成的unfinished/undone脱衣undress 打开unfold卸车unload 开……的锁unlock解冻unfreeze 出土/挖掘unearth拧开unscrew 解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear 不鼓励discourage揭露disclose 发现discover不同意disagree 不同意disapprove不服从disobey 不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied 可耻的disgraceful弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead 误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand 滥用misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding 拼错misspell不信任mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft 防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争Anti-JapaneseWar 反社会的antisocial6.de-降级degrade 减少decrease贬值devalue 解冻defrost毁林deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat 信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannered 不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting 没教养的ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered 时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten 不健康illhealth8.non-非营利的non-profit 直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker 防滑的non-slip废话nonsense 非暴力non-violence不可再生资源non-renewableresources9.-free无忧无虑的carefree 无利息的interest-free免税的duty-free10.-proof防水的waterproof 防震的shockproof88
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