高中英语2025届高考词汇前缀和后缀汇总

高考英语词汇前缀1、上/超:sur(记忆借助super超级)surnamen.姓[前缀sur上+词根name名字→祖上传下的名字→姓]surprisev.抓获，惊讶[前缀sur上+词根prise抓住→从上往下突然抓住某物→抓获，惊讶]surpassv.超过[前缀sur上+词根pass通过→在上面通过→超过]surfacen.表面[前缀sur上+词根face面→面上的→表面]surmountv.登上，超越[前缀sur上+词根mount山→去到山的上面→登上]surroundvt.包围[前缀sur超+词根round圆→超出某物形成一个圆→包围]survivev.幸存[前缀sur超+词根vive生命→超出别人的生命，别人生命停止了→幸存]surrealismn.超现实主义[前缀sur超+词根realism现实主义→超出现实主义的→超现实主义]2、下/后:sub/sup/suc/suf/sus/sug(记忆借助意思相反的上/超:sur;其中su后面的辅音b/p/c/f/s/g字母受到词根首字母影响而变化)①下②否定/相反③离开/去除④彻底/加强:de(记忆借助down下)subwayn.地下铁[前缀sub下+词根way路→地下面的路→地下铁]subtitlen.副标题[前缀sub下+词根title标题→主标题下面的标题→副标题]substancen.实质；物质[前缀sub下+词根stance站立→站立在下面的东西→基础，根本→实质]supportn.&v.支持[前缀sup下+词根port运输→在下面帮着运输→支撑→支持]succeedv.继承，成功[前缀suc后+词根ceed走→跟在前人的后面走→跟随→继承，成功]suffixn.后缀[前缀suf后+词根fix固定→固定在词根的后面→后缀]suspendv.悬挂，中止[前缀sus下+词根pend挂→挂在某物的下面→悬挂]deforestv.砍伐森林[前缀de下+词根forest森林→使森林倒下→砍伐森林]defamev.诽谤，中伤[前缀de下+词根fame名声→名声下降，名声变坏→诽谤]detrainv.下火车[前缀de离开+词根train火车→离开火车→下火车]desaltv.除去盐分[前缀de去除+词根salt盐→除去盐分]declarev.声明[前缀de彻底+词根clare明白→彻底地说明白某事→声明]3、里/内/中间/相互：in/inter/intel/im(inter是in的比较级；因为鼻音四个字母imnr互换)7,①里/内②使得:en(记忆借助in(元音字母互换i→e))indooradj.户内的[前缀in里+词根door门→门里的→户内的]includev.包含，包括[前缀in里+词根clude关→关到里面→包含，包括]insistv.坚持主张[前缀in里+词根sist站立→站立在自己立场里，不改变立场→坚持主张]interpersonaladj.人与人之间的[前缀inter中间+词根personal个人的→人与人中间→人与人之间的]interruptv.中断[前缀inter中间+词根rupt断裂→中间断裂→中断]interactionn.互动[前缀inter相互+词根action行动→相互行动→互动]importv.进口[前缀im里+词根port港口→到港口里面来→进口]enrollv.注册，记入名册[前缀en里+词根roll名单→到名单里→注册]encounterv.相遇，邂逅[前缀en里+词根counter相反的→在相反的状态里→相遇]enjoyv.享受[前缀en使得+词根joy快乐→使快乐→享受]enlargev.使变大[前缀en使得+词根large大→使变大]4、出/外：e/ex/es/ef(e后面的字母受到词根首字母影响而变化)ejectv.掷出，投出[前缀e出+词根ject掷→掷出]enormousadj.巨大的；庞大的[前缀ex出+词根norm标准+后缀ous→超出标准的→巨大的]excitedadj.激动的[前缀ex出+词根cit喊+后缀ed→朝外大声喊出来的→兴奋的]exitn.出口[前缀ex外+词根it走→可走到外面的地方→出口]excludev.排除[前缀ex外+词根clude关闭→关到外面→排外→排除]exposev.暴露[前缀ex外+词根pose放→从里面放到外面去→暴露]escapen.&v.逃离；逃走[前缀es外+词根cape抓→抓的外面，没抓住→逃离]effortn.努力；尽力[前缀ef外+词根fort力量→力量往外→努力]5、在前：pre往前：pro(记忆借助front→pro)preparev.准备[前缀pre前+词根pare安排→提前安排好→准备]presidentn.主席，总统[pre前+词根sid坐+后缀ent→会议时坐在前面的人→主席，总统]preschooladj.学前的[前缀pre前+词根school学校→学前的]prehistoryadj.史前的7,[前缀pre前+词根history历史→史前的]progressn.进步[前缀pro前+词根gress走→向前走→进步]projectv.投影，计划[前缀pro前+词根ject掷→光线掷到前方→投影]promotev.促进，提升[前缀pro前+词根mote动→往前动，促动→促进]proposev.提议；打算[前缀pro前+词根pose放→把想法（观点）放到大家前面→提议]6、穿过(相互/相对/两者间)/从此到彼:trans/diadialoguen.对话[前缀dia相对+词根logue说→相对着说话→对话]diametern.直径[前缀dia穿过+词根meter测量→穿过(中心)去测量→直径]translatev.翻译[前缀trans从此到彼+词根late语言→从一个语言流到另一个语言→翻译]transplantv.移植[前缀trans从此到彼+词根plant种→从一个地方种植到另一个地方→移植]transfusev.输血[前缀trans从此到彼+词根fuse流→血从一个地方流到另一个地方→输血]7、贯穿/始终(每/每一步)/完全/彻底：perperfectadj.完美的[前缀per每+词根fect做→每一个都做好了→完美的]percentn.百分之....的[前缀per每+词根cent百→一个分成一百份的每一份→百分之....的]perspectiven.透视[前缀per贯穿+词根spect看+后缀ive→贯穿看，看穿了→透视]permanentadj.永久的[前缀per始终+词根man手+后缀ent→始终用手拿着→久持→持久的]persistv.坚持[前缀per始终＋词根sist站立→始终一直到位(站立着不躺倒/下)→坚持]8、一起/共同/加强：co/com/col/con/cor(记忆借助come：共同到一起来)cooperationn.合作[前缀con一起+词根operation操作→一起操作→合作]comparev.比较[前缀com一起+词根pare对→把一对东西放在一起→比较]competevi.竞争；比赛[前缀com一起+词根pete跑→一起跑步→比赛；竞赛]combinev.结合，联合[前缀com一起+词根bine捆→捆在一起→结合]collectv.收集[前缀col一起+词根lect挑选→从各地挑选到一起→收集]collegen.大学，学院[前缀col一起+词根lege挑选→把各种学科挑选到一起→大学]consistv.组成[前缀con一起+词根sist站立→各种物质站立到一起→组成]connectvt.连接[前缀con加强+词根nect连接→加强连接→连接]7,correctv.纠正，正确的[前缀cor一起+词根rect正→一起使某个东西变正确→纠正]9、“分离”“分开”“相对”“否定”“不”“没有”：ab/dis/dif/un/im/in/ir/il/mis/seabnormaladj.不正常[前缀ab不+词根normal正常的→不正常的]abusev.&n.滥用；虐待；辱骂[前缀ab不+词根use使用→不正确的使用→滥用]abstractvt.提取；摘要[前缀ab离开+词根stract拖拉→把部分从整体中拉离开来→提取]dishonestadj.不诚实的[前缀dis不+词根honest诚实的→不诚实的]disappearv.消失[前缀dis不+词根appear出现→不出现→消失]differv.不同[前缀dif分开+词根fer带→分开带，带不一样的→不同]unlikeprep.不像[前缀un不+词根like像→不像]unlockv.开锁[前缀un不+词根lock锁→不锁住→开锁]impoliteadj.无礼的[前缀im不+词根polite礼貌的→无礼的]inhumanadj.不人道的[前缀in不+词根human人道的→不人道的]injusticeadj.不公正[前缀in不+词根justice公正→不公正]irregularadj.不规则的[前缀ir不+词根regular规则的→不规则的]illegaladj.非法的[前缀il不+词根legal合法的→非法的]illogicaladj.不合逻辑的[前缀il不+词根logical逻辑的→不合逻辑的]mistrustv.不信任[前缀mis不+词根trust相信→不信任]separatev.隔离[前缀se分开+词根par部分+后缀at→分开成为不同的部分→隔离]10、去/加强/反复：a/ac/ad/af/ag/an/ap/ar/as/at(记忆借助add加，a后面字母受到词根首字母影响而变化)achievevt.达到；完成[前缀a去+chieve头→去走(做)到头→达到(完成)]acceptv.接受[前缀ac去+词根cept抓→去把东西抓过来→接受]accustomv.使习惯[前缀ac去+词根custom习惯→使习惯]advisevt.看法；建议[前缀ad去+词根vise看→去看某个问题→看法]addictv.对……入迷，上瘾[前缀ad反复+词根dict说→反复不停地说起某事某物→对……入迷]affectv.作用，影响；感动7,[前缀af去+词根fect作→去操作某物→(产生)作用]aggressionn.侵略[前缀ag加强+词根gress走+后缀ion→加强走，走到别人领土(国家)→侵略]announcev.通告[前缀an去+词根nounce说→去各地说→通告]appointv.指派，任命[前缀ap去+词根point指→指定(安排)某人去(某个)岗位→指派，任命]arrangev.安排[前缀ar去+词根range排列→去把事情(东西)排列好→安排]assistv.帮助[前缀as去+词根sist站→去接近站着，站在旁边(去提供需要的东西→帮助]attainv.获得；达到[前缀at去+词根tain拿住→去把东西拿住→获得]11、相反/相对(对面):oc/of/op/ob(o后面那个单词受到词根首字母影响而改变)occurv.出现[前缀oc对面+词根cur跑→从相对(对面)跑过来，跑到视野里→出现]occupyvt.占领；担任[前缀oc对面+词根cupy抓→抓住对面土地→占领]offerv.提供[前缀of对面+词根fer运→运到你的对面就是给你→提供]opposev.反对，对立[前缀op相反+词根pose放→放到相反面→反对]objectv.反对[前缀ob相反+词根ject扔→相反的扔→反对]obtainv.得到，获得[前缀ob相对+词根tain持有→把相对(对面)的东西拿过来持有→得到]12、往回/相反(大家往前，你往回，所以演变出相反):再次/反复/加强(往回再来一次演变出再次)：rereceivev.收到[前缀re往回+词根ceive拿→拿回到自己这边来→收到]reflectv.反射，反思[前缀re往回+词根flect弯曲→往回弯曲→反射]resistv.反抗,抵抗[前缀re相反+词根sist站→相反着站→反抗]reappearv.再现[前缀re再次+词根appear出现→再现]rearrangev.重新安排[前缀re再次+词根arrange安排→重新安排]7,高考英语词汇后缀一、名词后缀-oractor,doctor,mirror,director,educator,inventor-argrammar,guitar,scholar-er/-eecenter,computer,cover,danger,engineer,employee-mentgovernment,environment,experiment,-nessbusiness,illness,sickness,darkness,kindness,sadness-ent/-antstudent,present,patient,merchant,-ence/-anceconference,difference,experience,influence,distance,importance,guidance-ency/ancyfrequency,efficiency,currency,pregnancy-an/-ian/-ion/-tion/African,musician,librarian,station,attention,action,solution-ine/-ilemachine,marine,missile,mobile-ary/-ery/-ory/-ury/-ry/-ylibrary,secretary,diary,factory,history,memory,century,bravery,jewelry,injury,discovery,entry-ty/-ityfifty,safety,community,university,ability,activity,reality,necessity-al/-ialsurvival,arrival,mineral,goal,signal,material,burial-ic/-ice/-icsmusic,public,notice,police,service,justice,physics,mathematics,politics-ist/-ism/iumscientist,tourist,artist,cyclist,novelist,pianist,violinist,tourism,stadium-domwisdom,freedom,kingdom,random-el/-lenovel,quarrel,camel,angle,bottle,battle,candle,cattle,circle-ureculture,nature,pleasure,picture,pressure,failure,creature-thdeath,depth,fourth,growth,health,length,strength,truth,warmth,youth,birth,-ingmeaning,meeting,saying,sightseeing,swimming,training-ageadvantage,courage,passage,marriage,package,baggage二、动词后缀7,-izeorganize,realize,advertise,apologize,memorize-atetranslate,operate,create,separate,communicate-fy/-ifysatisfy,simplify,classify,terrify-ishfinish,polish,punish,publish,accomplish-en-sharpen,frighten,enlarge,endanger,enjoy三、形容词后缀-ble/-able/-iblehumble,valuable,comfortable,enjoyable,possible,terrible,horrible,flexible-ant/-entimportant,pleasant,elegant,excellent,present,patient,silent,-al/-ial/-ualabnormal,agricultural,artificial,beneficial,confidential,actual,annual,casual,commercial,-ful/-lesswonderful,awful,beautiful,careful,careless,hopeless-ary,ynecessary,primary,cloudy,windy,sunny,tasty,healthy,worthy,dirty-fic/-icscientific,specific,plastic,athletic,magic,basic,cubic,-ateprivate,considerate,fortunate,-ousdangerous,delicious,famous,humorous,nervous,serious,-iveactive,creative,expensive,attractive,aggressive,passive,-ingtiring,amazing,boring,exciting,interesting,missing,challenging-edpleased,scared,relaxed,worried,united,warm-hearted,bored,crowded四、多重词性的后缀-ary/-ery/-ory名词scenery,factory形容词ordinary,primary-y名词discovery形容词dirty-al名词arrival形容词natural-ic名词music,magic形容词organic,electronic-ant/-ent名词servant,student形容词important,different-ive名词detective形容词active-ate动词activate形容词considerate7