高中英语2025届高考常考词根构词法（共20个）

高考英语常考词根构词法1.pose/pon表示“摆放、放置”①expose=ex(向外)-pose（放），摆放在外面（让人看到）1.a)Hesmiledsuddenly,exposingasetofamazinglywhiteteeth.2.b)Wewanttoexposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.②compose=com(共同，一起)-pose（放）1.a)Mozart(莫扎特)composedhislastoperashortlybeforehedied.2.b)Alllivingthingsarecomposedofcells.③propose=pro-,向前，-pos,放置1.a)Heproposedtothegirlandtheyplannedtogetmarriedthenextyear.2.b)Sheproposedapossiblesolutiontotheproblem.④postpone=post（后）-pone（放）事情往后放一放1.a)We'llhavetopostponethemeetinguntilnextweekbecauseoftheterribleweather.2.b)Hedecidedtopostponetheprogramuntilthefollowingday.⑤oppose=op（表对立面）-pose,摆放在对面1.a)MorepeoplefavourasingleEuropeancurrencythanopposeit.2.b)Wateristheopposingforcetofire.⑥opposite=op-对面+-posit-放置+-e1.a)Hersecondhusbandwastheexactoppositeofherfirst.2.b)There'sabusstopoppositethehouse.⑦position-pose,摆放+tion名词后缀1.a)Heleftacareerinteachingtotakeupapositioninacompany.2.b)Yourpositiononaparticularmatterisyourattitudetoit.⑧preposition=pre-前+-posit-放置+-ion名词词尾Pleasecompletethefollowingsentences,usingprepositions.2.press表示“压”①depress=de(向下)-press(压)，往下压1.a)Therecession(经济衰退)hasdepressedthehousingmarket.2.b)Losinghisjobreallydepressedhim.②compress=com(共同；一起)-press(压)，一起压下去1.a)Herlipscompressedintoathinline.2.b)Allthosethreebooksarecompressedintoonebook.③impress=im(进去；里面)-press(压)，往里压-压进去-印入头脑1.a)Herwordsimpressedthemselvesonmymemory.2.b)Whatimpressedhimmostwastheirspeed.④express=ex(向外)-press表示“压”,往外压1.a)Coconutmilkisexpressedfromcoconuts.2.b)PerhapsIhavenotexpressedmyselfverywell.⑤suppress=sup(向下)-press表示“压”，往下压1.a)Shewasunabletosuppressheranger.2.b)Thenewgovernmentquicklysuppressedtherebellion(反叛).3.ject表示“扔；投”①project=pro(前)-ject(扔；投)，向前扔；把一个事情往前抛，做好规划，1.a)Theprojectshouldbecompletedwithinayear.9,②reject=re(往回；向后)-ject(扔；投)，往回扔Alloursuggestionswererejected.③object=ob(相反；对着)-ject(扔；投)，反着扔；对着目标扔Herobjectinlifeistobecomeatravelwriter.Alotofpeopleobjecttothebookbecauseofthebadcover.④subject=sub(向下)-ject(扔；投)，向下扔1.a)Weneedthesubjectsbetweentheagesof18and25fortheexperiment.2.b)Hissubjectsregardedhimasagreatandwisemonarch(君主).⑤inject=in(向里)-ject(扔；投)，向里扔1.a)Shehasbeeninjectingherselfwithinsulin（胰岛素）sincetheageof16.2.b)Injectsomefunintothepartybyencouragingyourgueststodance.4.spect表示“看”①prospect=pro(向前)-spect(看)，向前看Theprospectsfortheimmediatefuturearegood.Sheacceptedtheprospectofheroperation.②expect=ex(往外)-spect(看)，往外看Economicgrowthisexpectedtoaverage2%nextyear.Youcan'texpecttolearnaforeignlanguageinafewmonths.③inspect=in向内+spect看，进去看Publichealthofficialscametoinspectourschoolyesterday.Theteacherwalkedaroundinspectingtheirwork.④respect=re(再次；重新)-spect(看)，反复看Ihavethegreatestrespectforyourbrother.FrenchdiffersfromEnglishinthisrespect.⑤suspect=su向下+spect看,在下面偷偷看He'sthepolice'ssuspectinthiscase.Policesuspecttheremaybealinkbetweenthetwomurders.⑥spectator=spect看+ator表示人Thestadiumholds75000spectators.⑦special[spec(=spect)看→外观，形状，形象;-ial形容词后缀，…的;容易被’看”出的，外观明显的，形状特别醒目的Everyanxiouspersonwillhavehisorherownspecialproblems.5.gress-/cess/ceed表示“走”①progress=pro(前)-gress(走)，向前走Astheyearsprogressed,webecamethebestoffriends.Themountainwassteepandourprogresswasslow.①regress=re(往后；往回)-gress(走)，往回走Suchcountriesarenot'developing'atall,butregressing.Theresultsshowedthatthegrasslandregressed45.9%.②aggress=a(朝，向)-gress(走)，径直朝谁走去In1873,JapansentitsarmytoaggressandoccupyChina'sLiuqiuIslands.④congress=con(一起)-gress(走)，一群人走到一起准备去开会TheDemocrats(民主党)willprobablylosecontrolofCongress.③process=pro向前+cess（走），向前走的（历程），过程，进行Comingoffthedrugwasalongandpainfulprocessforhim.Oursalesinformationisprocessedbycomputer.9,④access=ac加强+cess行走，一再向前走⑤success=suc下+cess(走)，从下面走到上面Who'sthelikelysuccessortohimaspartyleader?Youcanonlyachievesuccessthroughhardwork.⑥succeed=suc下+ceed(走)WhosucceededKennedyasPresident?Theonlywaytosucceedinbusinessthesedaysistokeepatit.⑦ancestoran=ante+cest=cess+or→走在前面的人⑧proceed（=pro-向前+-ceed-行走）Workisproceedingslowly.Sheclimbedthestepsandproceededalongtheupstairshallway.6.tract=draw，表示“拉，拖”①attract=a(朝，向)-tract(拉)，去拉Wehavetorenewoureffortstoattractyoungplayers.Filmswithbigstarsalwaysattractgreatattention.②distract=dis-表示“away”-tract(拉)，把注意力拉开You'redistractingmefrommywork.Thenoiseinthestreetdistractedme.③extract=ex(向外)-tract(拉),把什么拉出去，拔出ReadthisextractfromaninformationbookletYou’dbetterextractthetooth.③subtract=sub向下+tract(拉),从下面抽走6subtractedfrom9is3.Subtracttenfromsevenandtheanswerisminusthree.④contract=con(一起)-tract(拉)，一起拉Whenairisheated,itexpandsandwhenairiscooled,itcontracts.Ihadnochoicebuttosignthecontract.⑥tractor=tract(拉)+or7.port，表示carry，拿，带，运，名词“港口”①import=in/m(向里)-port(运)，运到国内就ThecountryhastoimportmostofitsrawmaterialsfromChina.②export=ex(向外)-port(运)，运到国外Exportingisnecessaryforoureconomicsurvival.TourismisBritain'ssinglebiggestinvisibleexport③transport=trans(转移)-port(运),Thegoodsweredamagedduringtransport.Theseedsaretransportedbythewind.④report=re(往后；往回，重复)--port(运)，把消息带回来Wewillstudythereportcarefullybeforemakingadecision.Thestormisreportedtohavekilledfivepeople.⑤support=sup(向下)--port(拿，持)，在下面拿着支撑Theplanwascanceledbecauseoflackofsupport.⑤portable=port(拿，持)+able可…的Ialwayscarryaportablecomputerwithme.⑥passport=pass+port允许通过港口9,8.vis/vid表示“看”①revise=re(重新；再次)-vis(看),再看几遍Withtheexamcoming,Ihavetoreviseformath.Thedictionaryhasbeencompletelyrevised.②previse=pre(在前)--vis(看)②supervise=super(上)-vis(看),上级在上面看着你③visit=vis+it边看边行走④visual=vis-看+-ual...的，Thebuildingmakesavisualimpact.⑤visible=vis看+-ible能...的Shemadeavisibleefforttocontrolheranger.⑥invisible=in(否定)+vis看+-ible能...的⑦advice=ad+vice就是“依我看”Whydidn'tyoufollowmyadvice?⑧evident=e(外面)-vid(看)-ent(形容词后缀)，在外面就能看到的Itwasevidentthatshehadoncebeenabeauty.9.graph=write、records写，记录①graph=chartThegraphshowshowhousepriceshaverisensincethe1980s.②telegraph=tele(远距离传送)--graph(写)TelegraphwasinventedbySamuelMorsein1844.Theseislandsareconnectedbytelegraph.③biography=bio（生命）--graph(记录)，记录生命autobiography，auto表示“自己”，一部关于自己的传记Thisbiographywaswrittenbyafamousauthor.④geography=geo（地球的）--graph(记录)Istillhaven'tdonemygeographyhomework.⑤photograph=photo表示“光、影”--graph(记录)Thatphotographdoesn'tlooklikeheratall.⑥paragraph=词根中的“para”表示“旁边”，“graph”表示“写，划线”Youtranslatesentencebysentence,paragraphbyparagraph.⑦autograph=auto表示“自己”--graph(写),亲笔签名HewentbackstageandaskedforWangjunkai’sautograph.⑧calligraphy(calli来源于女神Callisto卡利斯托是一位拥有着绝世美貌的女神，它表示美丽的。graph是写的意思，字面意思就是美丽的书写)VariousactivitieswillbearrangedtoexperiencetraditionalChineseculture,suchaspaper-cutting,Pekingoperaandcalligraphy.10.fer=bring,carry,表示“带来，拿来”①infer=in(向里)--fer(拿)Iinferredfromwhatshesaidthatyouhavenotbeenwell②prefer=pre（在…..之前），在之前拿或者提前拿Iwouldpreferitifyoudidn'ttellanyone.③refer=re（又、再）--fer(拿)，再次拿起、再次引人注意Writersoftenrefertoadictionary.Inhisspeech,hereferredtoarecenttriptoCanada.9,④offer=of-对面+-fer-携带→带到面前Iftheyoffermethejob,I'lltakeit."I'lldothecookingfortheparty,"heoffered.⑤suffer=su（在……下方），--fer(拿)，一个人跪下来，手中还托着沉重的东西，这人这样做岂不是很受罪吗？“AslongasIamhere,Iwon'tletthechildsuffer,”shesaid.Hisgradesarestartingtosufferbecausehespendstoomuchtimeoncomputergames.⑥transfer=trans“越过、转动”+fer，带着东西越过某地区到另外地方。Transfertoanewcity,searchingforanewjobShetransferredtoanewschool.⑦conference=con(一起)--fer(拿)，一起拿。ShesuggestedParisasagoodplacefortheconference.11.tend=stretch:伸展①tent=-tent-延伸→能伸开或张开的东西Theyputuptheirtentsandsettleddownforthenight.②attend=a(加强）+tend伸展,有东西把你拉过去了Youmustattendtoyourstudies.Thousandsofpeopleattendedthefuneral(葬礼).②attention=a(加强）+tend伸展，+tion名词后缀，伸脖子去听别人讲③extend=ex出+tend伸展Theshowhasbeenextendedforanothersixweeks.Carefulmaintenancecanextendthelifeofyourcar.④intend=in向内+tend伸展，表示在心里，在脑子里的一种伸展SheintendstodoAlevelsandgotouniversity.①pretend=pre前+tend伸展，在面前展示,做样子IpretendednottocarebutIwasscreaminginside.②tender=-tend-延伸+-erThemeatwastenderandjuicy.Here'satenderNewYearkiss.③tension=ten伸展+sion表名词,伸展到极点Thetensionbetweenthetwocountriesislikelytoremain.12.Serv=serve,keep,表示“服务,保持”①conserve=con(com:表示强调)+serv(keep)+evt.保存Thegovernmentmusttakeeffectivemeasurestoconservethewildlife.Conserveresources,actfrommefirst.②conservative=con(com:表示强调)+serv(keep)+iveadj/n.词尾.Herstyleofdresswasneverconservative.③preserve=pre(before)+serv(keep)+e->提前保存->保存;保护Ishereally60?He'swellpreserved.Wewilldoeverythingtopreservepeace.④reserve=re(重新)+serv(keep)+e->keepback->保留;预定，Adoubleroomhadbeenreservedforhim.SomeArabiancountriesarefamousfortheiroilreserves.⑤reservoir[rezrvwɑr]n.Thereservoirwaslowafterthelongdrought(干旱).⑥deserve=de加强+serv服务保持+e服务到位→有资格获得回报9,Youdeservearestafterallthathardwork.⑦observe=ob(infrontof/before)+serv(keeporprotect)+e,观察以保证其安全ArethereanyclassesIcouldobserve?DotheyobserveChristmas?⑧desert=de否定+ser看管，丢在一旁不管不顾Theheatinthedesertwasextreme.Don'tdesertmeinmyhourofneed⑨dessert=同上，停止正餐服务Thisdessertcanbeservedstraightfromthefridge.⑩servant=serv+ant(人)n.Theytreattheirmotherlikeaservant.13.sist=stand(站立)①assist=a（表示“to”或者加强语气）+词根sist=stand(站立)，“站在(某人)的旁边”，别人有困难的时候，你没有远离他，而是站在他的旁边Wearelookingforpeoplewhowouldbewillingtoassistinthegroup'swork.②assistant=a（表示“to”或者加强语气）+词根sist+ant(人)n.③resist=re-表示“反方向的、相对的”，+词根sist=stand(站立)，面对面站着Studentsshouldresistthetemptation（诱惑）tofocusonexamsalone.④consist=con-表示“一起”(together)。consist字面义“站在一块”Breakfastconsistedofdrybreadandacupoftea.⑤insist=in强调+sist=stand(站立),一直站着Ididn'treallywanttogobutheinsisted.⑥persist=per-表示“thoroughly”，意思是贯穿、到底、从头到尾。persist字面义——从头到尾立在那（站到底的）Contactyourdoctorifthecough（咳嗽）persists.14.sid=sit坐下①resident=前缀re表示往回+词根sid表示坐，后缀ent表示名词，人Theresidentsdidn'twantanewfactoryintheirbackyard.②residence=resid(e)住;居留+-ence性质;状态10DowningStreetistheBritishPrimeMinister'sofficialresidence.③preside=pre前面+side→在前面坐TheyaskedifIwouldpresideatthemeeting.②president=pre表示前面，词根sid=sit表示坐。后缀ent表示名词代表人，坐在最前面的人IwillserveaspresidentofShanghaiFilmAcademy.④possess=pos+sess(tosit)->abletositdowntocontrol有能力居住并处于控制地位Eachfamilypossessesatleastthreemilkcows.⑤assess=as-朝,向,加强+sess坐+tositnearajudgeinacourt在法庭上靠近法官就坐,古代指帮助法官作估算Wearetryingtoassesshowwellthesystemworks.⑥situate=词根sid=sit表示坐+ate动词后缀，表达坐落在某个地方Thehotelisbeautifullysituatedinaquietspotneartheriver.⑦situation=situat(e)使位于+-ion行为,状态表示位置Thesituationisnotgoodbutweliveinhopethatitwillimprove.⑧consider=con共同+sider坐→坐在一起数星星Weneedtoconsiderhowthelawmightbereformed.9,15.fact,fac,fect,fic词根的含义.do,make做，作①fact(行动的结果----事实)②factory=fact作，制作，-ory名词后缀，表示场所，地点；“制作的场所”③manufacture=manu手，fact作，制作；“用手制作”，古时生产用手操作Theequipmentisofourownmanufacture.④facilitate=facil(e)容易的+-it-+-ate做,造成Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentoftourism.⑤facility=facil〔e〕容易做的+ity名词后缀Studentsshouldtakefulladvantageoftheuniversity'sfacilities.⑥factor=fact做,制作+-or人/物→促使人做的东西Thereareanumberoffactorsthatcontributedtothephenomenon.⑦beneficial=有益的bene,好fic,做，同fact.Usingcomputershasabeneficialeffectonchildren'slearning.⑧benefaction=bene表示“好”或“善”+fact+tionWearegratefultothebenefaction.⑨perfect=per全部+fect→全部做完⑩infect=in进入+fact→做进去Anyonewithabadcoldmayinfectthepeoplearoundhim.⑪affect=af-朝,向,去+fect做Thediseaseaffectsfully30percentofthepopulation.Iwasdeeplyaffectedbythefilm.⑫efficient=ef-出来,从...向外+fic-做,制作+-i-+-ent...的（做事）Aswegetolder,ourbodiesbecomelessefficientatburningupcalories.⑬fiction=fict+ion表名词→造出的〔故事〕Howdoweseparatefactfromfiction?⑭sacrifice=.sacri神圣+fic做，制作+e→〔甘愿〕做神圣的事Hesacrificedhimselfandsosavedhiscountry.16.pend=hang.悬挂/toweigh称量/=pay支出（其中“悬挂”是最基本含义，天平就是通过悬挂物体来测重的，古罗马时期用天平来“称量”黄金，又拿黄金来“支付”交易，所以这个表示“悬挂”的词根就引申出了“称量和付钱”的含义。）①depend=de-下，pend悬挂;’挂在他物下面”→依附于另一物体”Thesuccessorfailureoftheplandependsonyou.②independent=in否定+dependentHehasgotawell-paidjobandcanbeeconomicallyindependent.③suspend=sus=sub下，pend悬1.a)Thehamsweresuspendedfromtheceiling.2.b)Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.④expend消费,花费ex出+pend花费→花钱出去Thenewly-marriedcoupleexpendedtoomuchmoneyontheirhouse.⑤expensive昂贵的⑥spend[s-为ex-的缩形，pend花费]花钱，花费，消耗(时间)⑦pension=pens:pay支出+sion1.a)Youwillgetyourpensionwhenyoureach65.⑧appendix=appendv.附加+-ix9,1.a)Thisbookhastwoappendixes.2.b)Hehadtohavehisappendixoutinthehospital.17.ven=come:词根的含义.来①adventure=ad加强+ven+tureItoldthemofmyadventureattheNorthPole.②avenue=a加强+ven来+ue→让人们可以走来走去n.TheFifthAvenueisafamousshoppingcenterinnewYork.③convenience=con共同+ven来+ience表状态→全部能来没有障碍→Itwasagreatconveniencetohavetheschoolsonear.④convention=con共同+vent来+ion表名词→大家来到一起It'sjustasocialconventionthatmendon'twearskirts.⑤conventional=con共同+vent来+ion表名词+al形容词词尾She'sveryconventionalinherviews.⑥event=e出+vent来→出来的是？Theelectionwasthemaineventof2004.⑦eventful=event事件+ful…的;发生许多事情的1992wasaneventfulyear.Theflightisuneventful.(2023年新高考2卷)⑧eventually=e出+vent来+al+ly形容词后缀（事情总会到来的）Theeventualoutcomewasexactlythesameashehadpredicted.Theywereeventuallyrescuedbyhelicopter.⑨invent=in-在内,进入,使+vent来→计上心来Ourforefatherswerethefirsttoinventgunpowder.Whatexcusedidheinventthistime?⑩prevent=pre预先+vent来→预先来到→抢先一步Wearetakingstepstopreventpollution.Theaccidentcouldhavebeenprevented.18.viv=live词根的含义.生命①vivid==viv-生命+-idHegaveavividaccountofhislifeasafighter.②survive=sur-超过+viv生命+-eManybirdsdidn'tsurvivetheseverewinter.③survivor=sur-超过+-viv-活+-or人Firefighterssearchedthebuildingsforsurvivors.④survival=sur-超过+-viv-活+-al名词后缀Nowadaysapremature（早产）babyhasaverygoodchanceofsurvival.⑤revive=re再+viv+e→复活Theeconomyisbeginningtorevive.⑥revival==re再+viv+alThesignsofaneconomicrevivalareonlyjustbeginning.⑦vital=vit生命+-al...的Thepoliceplayavitalroleinoursociety.⑧vitaminn维生素（vit+a+min素→生命要素→维生素）9,19.dict,dic词根的含义.say言，说①predict=pre-...前的+dict说,断言Noonecouldhavepredictedthefinaloutcome.②dictation=dictat(e)口述+-ion行为,状态WehaveadictationeveryEnglishclass.③benediction=bene好+dict说+ion说好话It'llsoonbeNewYear.Icanofferyousomebenedictionexpression.④dictionary=dict说,断言+-ion行为,状态+-ary场所,地点Thisdictionaryisalsoavailableinelectronicform.⑤contradict=contra反+dict反说Theresultseemstocontradictthestudyreportedlastyear.Shedoesn'tliketocontradictherhusbandinpublic.⑥dedicate=de加强+dic说+ate→再说→努力献身Hededicatedhislifetohelpingthepoor.⑦indicate=in进入+dicate→说进去Aredskyatnightoftenindicatesfineweatherthenextday.⑧addict=ad一再+dict说→说了还说SheisaTVaddictandwatchesasmuchasshecan.20.it词根的含义.go行走①exit=ex-出，外，it行走；“走出”,“向外走”Thereisafireexitoneachfloorofthebuilding.Astheactorsexitedthestagethelightswenton.②initial=in-入，it走，-ial形容词后缀，…的。还记得《头文字d》吗？英文片名就是InitialD，取Drift（漂移）首字母。Myinitialreactionwastosaynotohim.③initiate=in-入，it走，-iate动词后缀Theywantedtoinitiateadiscussiononeconomics.④ambition=前缀amb=both或around，表“二者或周围”，词根it表示“走”，整个词表示“到处走”。EvenwhenIwasyoungIneverhadanyambition.⑤ambitious=前缀amb=both或around，表“二者或周围”，词根it表示“走”.-ious形容词后缀Likemanyyoungandambitiouspeople,Imadeupmymindtostudyabroad.⑥orbit=orb(来自拉丁语“orbis”,意味着“圆”)+it行走Theearthtakesayeartoorbitthesun.TheEarthhasaorbitwhichchangeswithtime.⑦circuit=circ-（或circle），严格意义上并不算一个前缀，圆，环的意思+it-行走,环绕在一起走Abreakinthecircuitcausedthelightstogoout.Theearthtakesayeartomakeacircuitofthesun.⑧transit=trans(across,beyond)+itDuringtheirtalks,thetwopresidentsdiscussedthetransitofgoodsbetweenthetwocountries.Thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbedifficult.⑨visitv.n.vis(see,look)+it走访，走走看看9