初中重点语法三大从句总结

 1 宾语从句 一、定义 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词 that: Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”: Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情况：1.与ornot连用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.2.与动词不定式连用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.连接词前有介词时：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming. 三、时态 1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.  2 定语从句 一、定义 在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。 二、先行词 先行词指人 who/that先行词指物 which/that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后 三、关系代词  关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词 四、翻译方法  “….的” Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose: 指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.关系代词只能that的特殊情况：1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop4. 先行词是人和物时,用that.e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.  5.先行词被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.6.特殊疑问句以who或which开头，只能用that引导.Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which;  人+介词+whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g. 1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking. 3 状语从句 一、定义 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 二、状语从句一般分为八大类 时间状语从句  地点状语从句原因状语从句  目的状语从句结果状语从句  条件状语从句方式状语从句  让步状语从句1.时间状语从句When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或    beaboutto时，在翻译的时候，when可以译成没想到或突然。 Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.While---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.As ---一边……一边,随着Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.As---当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Themoment ---一……就…… =assoonas,immediately,---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.Not…until --- 直到……才Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.Before --- 在……之前Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.After ---在……之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Since ---自从……,通常主句用现在完成时Ihavenever beenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.    Assoonas --- 一……就……Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.Nosoonerthan --- 一……就……nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒装Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Once --- 一但……就……Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Everytime,eachtime 每次whenever 每当Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.2.条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有：If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As(so)faras---据……所知，incase万一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以…为条件If ---如果Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Unless ---如果不,除非=ifnotWecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflightAslongas ---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.As(so)faras ---据……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.Incase ---假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Providedthat 如果,有时省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Onconditionthat ---条件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak. 注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport. 3.地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,whereverWhere ---在……地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever ---无论哪里Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou. 4.原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because ---因为,通常从句放在主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.As ---因为,通常放在句首Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Since ---既然 因语气较弱,常译为既然(众所周知的原因)Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Nowthat ---既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.consideringthat ---顾及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat ---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff. 5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,sothat,so…that…such…that  So…that ---太……以至于 so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethat peopleliketocallitjetbomb喷气炸弹.Sothat ---因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.Such…that… ---太……以至于 用法与so…that相同，但such后面应用名词。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim. 6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest(So)that---以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat---为了, 与sothat 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.forfearthat ---生怕;为了防止(某事发生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit. incase  ---万一Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Lest ---以防万一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim. 7. 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though---虽然 although 和though可以互换，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Althoughitwasraining,theplane managedtotakeoff.Thoughhedidhisbest,hedidn’tsucceed.As---尽管 as引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though互换。Busyasheis,henevermissesafootballmatch.Evenif/eventhough ---即使Evenifyoudon’tlikeyourboss,youshoulddoyourwork.However ---不论， however引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装Hecouldn’tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove.Nomatter(what,when,where,how) ---无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）Hewouldn’tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim.Whatever ---不管Whateverotherpeoplemaysay,shewon’tchangehermind.While ---尽管WhileIhavesympathyforyou,Ican’thelpyou.Whether ---不管，常与ornot连用Whetherheisgoodornot,thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad. 8.方式状语从句方式状语从句常由:as, asif, asthoughas ---与……一样DoinRomeastheRomansdo.asif,asthough ---仿佛, 由asif或asthough引导的从句中可用虚拟语气Shestoodatthedoorasif(=asthough)shewerewaitingforsomeone.