高中英语2025届高考汉译英典型错误讲解系列0410（共60例）

高考英语汉译英典型错误讲解〈1〉我想要认识格林先生。[误]IwanttorecognizeMr.Green.[正]IshouldliketoknowMr.Green.中文说的“认识”在上句中只能用英文的know来译，如果照字面直译为recognize就错了，因为英文的recognize=knowagain,例如：HehaschangedsomuchthatIcanhardlyrecognizehim.（他变得太厉害，我几乎不认识他了。）原本认识的人才可以用recognize，第一次相识只能说know.〈2〉他父亲破产使他不能出洋去留学了。[误]Thebankruptcyofhisfatherhasmadehimimpossibletogoabroad.[正]Thebankruptcyofhisfatherhasmadeitimpossibleforhimtogoabroad.英文的possible或impossible一类的形容词，是要用"it"来作主语，不可以用“人”作主语。〈3〉如蒙早日赐复，不胜感激。[误]Ishallappreciateverymuchifyouwillreplyatyourearliestconvenience,[正]Ishallappreciateitverymuchifyouwillreplyatyourearliestconvenience.作“感激”解的appreciate是及物动词，必须接有宾语。又如:Igreatlyappreciateyourkindness我非常感激你的好意。〈4〉他跟一个百万富翁的女儿结婚了。[误]Hemarriedwiththedaughterofamillionaire.[正]Hemarriedthedaughterofamillionaire.marry一词用作及物动词有三个意思：①结婚。包括娶和嫁，例如：HeisgoingtomarryMissWang.他将娶王小姐为妻。ShemarriedanEnglishman.她嫁给了一个英国人。Maycousinsmarryeachother?表兄妹可以结婚吗？②嫁，娶媳。例如：Hemarriedhisdaughtertoarichman.他把女儿嫁给了一个富翁。Hemarriedhissontoanarchitect'sdaughter.他替儿子讨了一个建筑师的女儿做老婆。③主婚。例如：ThePriestisgoingtomarrythem.牧师将为他们主婚。如果用被动语态则表示已结了婚的那种状态，例如：TomandAlicehavebeenmarriedfouryears.汤姆和艾丽斯已结婚四年了。Theygotmarriedsoonafterthat.那以后他们随即就结婚了。〈5〉他是一个初级中学的教员。[误]HeisateacherofaJuniorhighschool.[正]Heisateacherat/inajuniorhighschool.〈6〉我将用电报把结果通知你。[误]Iwillinformyoutheresultbytelegram.[正]Iwillinformyouoftheresultbytelegram.〈7〉我昨天跟你讲的那本书要我拿给你看吗？[误]ShallIshowyouthebookwhichItoldyouyesterday?[正]ShallIshowyouthebookwhichItoldyouofyesterday?〈8〉健康比财富可贵。[误]Healthispreciousthanwealth.[正]Healthismorepreciousthanwealth.〈9〉他年轻时的勤勉，使他获得今日的地位。[误]Hisdiligenceinhisyoungerdaysmadehimwhatheistoday.[正]Hisdiligenceinhisyoungerdayshasmadehimwhatheistoday.6,〈10〉我哥哥是一个跳舞迷。[误]Mybrotherisadancemania.[正]Mybrotherhasamaniafordancing.表示对某事的着迷或狂热，英文说mania，但这个名词不能作主格补语用，只能作动词have的宾语用。又如：Hehasaperfectmaniaforrarebooks.他有搜集珍本书的癖好。〈11〉新加坡有多少人口？[误]HowmanypopulationhasSingapore?[正]WhatisthepopulationofSingapore?“人口”的英文population是不加“s”构成复数的，所以不能用many,但有时可以加不定冠词，例如：Singaporehasaverylargepopulationforitsarea.新加坡以面积来说人口是很多的。这个population当然也可作单数用，例如：Populationsinks.人口降低。普通名词用作集合名词，不须加“s”形成复数，除非是下列情形：theeducatedpopulationsofChinaandJapan中日两国受教育的人口。〈12〉那个语言中心有很多优良的设备。[误]Thelanguagecentrehasmanyfineequipments.[正]Thelanguagecentrehasmuchfineequipment.作“设备”解的equipment,也和information等词一样，是不可以加“s”构成复数的。〈13〉假期从明天开始。[误]Thevacationbeginsfromtomorrow.[正]Thevacationbeginstomorrow.句中的tomorrow是一个副词，前面不可加用介词。〈14〉那地方像江南三月那样温暖。[误]TheplaceisaswarmasMarchofJiangnan.[正]TheplaceisaswarmasJiangnaninMarch.不是同类的名词不能比较。〈15〉他后悔不该那样说的。[误]Herepentstohavesaidso.[正]Herepentsofhavingsaidso.〈16〉一到新加坡，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。[误]OnarrivingatSingapore,myfriendwaswaitingformeattheairport.[正]OnarrivingatSingapore,Ifoundmyfriendwaitingformeattheairport.〈17〉他是我父亲的朋友。[误]Heisafriendofmyfather.[正]Heisafriendofmyfather's.〈18〉他没有告诉我他什么时候回来。[误]Hehasnottoldmewhenhewillbeback.[正]Hehasnottoldmewhenheisback.〈19〉这学校有三千名学生。[误]Theschoolhasthreethousandstudents.[正]Therearethreethousandstudentsintheschool.〈20〉我想向你借个电话用好吗？[误]Maylborrowyourtelephone?[正]Mayluseyourtelephone?〈21〉王先生给了我们学生很多的课外作业。[误]Mr.Wanggaveourstudentsmanyhomeworks.[正]Mr.Wanggaveusstudentsmuchhomework.〈22〉如果你想增进你英文写作能力，你必须尽量地多读。[误]IfyouwanttoimproveyourabilityofwritingEnglish,youhavetoreadbooks6,asmanyasyoucan.[正]IfyouwanttoimproveyourabilitytowriteEnglish,youhavetoreadasmanybooksasyoucan.(23)我们在阿尔卑斯山中的一个茅舍里住了将近十天。[误]ForabouttendayswespentatamountainhutintheAlps.[正]FornearlytendayswespentatamountainhutintheAlps.英文的spend是及物动词，不可以说wespentabouttendays.依照文法规则，及物动词要直接接宾语，只有不及物动词接宾语时才需要加介词。〈24〉去年秋天我去游了杭州西湖。[误]LastautumnIvisitedWestLakewhereisinHangchow.[正]LastautumnIvisitedWestLakeinHangchow.说到所在地我们都喜欢用关系副词“where”，其实英文对表地方的名词也是用which来代表的，所以例句中的where应改为which,当然最好是把whichis全部略去。〈25〉我们在礼拜天爱睡懒觉的习惯很难改掉。[误]ThehabitthatwegetuplateonSundaymorningisdifficulttoshakeoff.[正]ThehabitofgettinguplateonSundaymorningsisdifficulttoshakeoff.〈26〉哈姆雷特和赖尔蒂斯比剑的一幕使我非常感动。[误]Iwasverymuchimpressedbythescenein"Hamlet"thatHamletfightsaduelwithLaertes.[正]Iwasverymuchimpressedbythescenein"Hamlet"inwhichHamletfightsaduelwithLaertes.〈27〉他的英文知识非常丰富。[误]HisEnglishknowledgeisveryrich.[正]HisknowledgeofEnglishisveryrich.(28)坐在花园中的篱笆上，一个黄蜂刺了我一下。[误]Sittingonafenceinmygarden,awaspstungme.[正]Sittingonafenceinmygarden,Iwasstungbyawasp.英文的分词短语，必须和后面的主语一致，sitting是指Iamsitting,所以主句中的主语必须是I.〈29〉他是这样说，但想的却不同。[误]Hesaysso,butthinkdifferent.[正]Hesaysso,butthinkdifferently.〈30〉我或许明天要出门去。[误]Ishalllikelyleavehometomorrow.[正]Ishallprobablyleavehometomorrow.但可说Ishallverylikelyleavehometomorrow.[误]句中的likely是形容词，如果用作副词则常伴有very或most等词。〈31〉我希望我的父母长寿。[误]Ihopemyparentstolivelong.[正]Ihopemyparentswilllivelong.英文动词有一定的惯用法(correctusage),有的后面要接不定式，例如：Iwantyoutoattendthemeeting.（我要你去开会。）有的后面要接动名词，例如：Howcanweavoidmakingmistakes?（我们要怎样才可避免犯错？）还有的后面一定要接一个从句(clause)，如本例所示。但hope也可接不定式，例如:Ihopetoseeyousoonagain.（希望不久再见。）(32)那位教授毕生献身于英国文学的研究。[误]TheprofessordevotedhiswholelifetostudyEnglishliterature.[正]TheprofessordevotedhiswholelifetothestudyofEnglishliterature.惯用法，devoteto后必须接名词或动名词。6,〈33〉我们期待着明天见到你。[误]Wearelookingforwardtoseeyoutomorrow.[正]Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyoutomorrow.〈34〉我要一星期后才能够去。[误]Ishallbeabletogoafteraweek.[正]Ishallbeabletogoinaweek.在惯用法中after指过去，in指未来。〈35〉大家都反对那计划，连我本人也在内。[误]Everybody,notexceptmyself,wasagainsttheplan.[正]Everybody,notexceptingmyself,wasagainsttheplan.英文的except一词用于否定时，或用在always或without之后，要改为excepting.例如：Theyoftenwenttothetheatre,alwaysexceptingCinderella.（她们常去看戏，总是不带辛德雷拉去。）〈36〉除了前去之外，没有别的办法。[误]Thereisnootherwaybuttogo.[正]Thereisnootherwayopenbuttogo或Thereisnowayopenbuttogo.〈37〉他因盲肠炎开刀了。[误]Hehasbeenoperatedforappendicitis.[正]Hehasbeenoperatedonforappendicitis.〈38〉你的行为不容有任何借口。[误]Youractionadmitsnoexcuse.[正]Youractionadmitsofnoexcuse.英文的动词常常既是不及物动词又是及物动词，只不过意思不同罢了。例如：admit一词，用作不及物动词时作“容许”解，所以接宾语时要加“of”；用作及物动词时作“承认”解，例如：admitamistake（承认错误）。〈39〉那份工作被认为是令人满意的。[误]Theworkisregardedsatisfactory.[正]Theworkisregardedassatisfactory.〈40〉你既不对也不错。[误]Youarenotrightnorwrong.[正]Youarenotrightnorareyouwrong.〈41〉深情厚谊，存没俱感。[误]Yourkindnesswillfullybeappreciatedbothbythequickaswellasbythedead.[正]Yourkindnesswillfullybeappreciatedbothbythequickandbythedead.〈42〉你和你兄弟一样强壮，可能比他更为强壮。[误]Youareasstrong,ifnotstrong,thanyourbrother.[正]Youareasstrongasyourbrother,ifnotstrongerthanyourbrotheris.〈43〉我怀疑这事是否正确。[误]Idoubtthatitistrue.[正]Idoubtwhetheritistrue.在否定及疑问句中才用that,例如:Idonotdoubtthatitistrue.（我相信这是真的。）Whodoubtsthatitistrue?（谁会怀疑此事的正确性呢？）〈44〉尽管是一名大学生，我兄弟连一封英文信都写不好。[误]Inspiteofacollegestudent,mybrothercannotwriteanEnglishletterproperly.[正]Though(heis)acollegestudent,mybrothercannotwriteanEnglishletterproperly.词组inspiteof虽有“虽然”的意思，但此处不可以用，因为inspiteof=nottobe6,preventedby,即不为困难或障碍等所阻。例如：Theywentoutinspiteoftherain.不顾下雨，他们还是出去了。Wesucceededinspiteofalldifficulties.我们虽遭遇种种困难，仍然获得了成功。〈45〉看电视，打网球，每个礼拜天我都是这样度过的。[误]Whatwithwatchingtelevisionandwhatwithplayingtennis,IspendeverySunday.[正]IspendeverySundaywatchingtelevisionorplayingtennis.据Hornby的解释，这个whatwith……whatwith的成语，是用于betweenvariouscauses的，最后一字尤其要注意，所以中文可译为“半因⋯⋯半因⋯⋯”，例如：whatwithoverworkandwhatwithundernourishment,hefellill.半因工作过度，半因营养不良，他病倒了。〈46〉他一点不蠢。[误]Heisnotafool.[正]Heisnofool.(47)我对他们一个也不喜欢。[误]Idonotlikeallofthem/everyoneofthem.[正]Idonotlikeanyofthem.或Ilikenoneofthem.〈48〉我不会做那样的蠢事。[误]Iknowbetterthandosuchathing.[正]Iknowbetterthantodosuchathing.〈49〉我是去读书，不是去打篮球。[误]Iwenttostudy,notplaybasketball.[正]Iwenttostudy,nottoplaybasketball.〈50〉我们没有准时到达，感到很抱歉。[误]Wefeltsorryforcomingnotontime.[正]Wefeltsorryfornotcomingontime.〈51〉这个伟大胜利是来之不易的。[误]Thisgreatvictoryhasbeenwonnoteasily.[正]Thisgreatvictoryhasnotbeenwoneasily.〈52〉决无此类事情发生。[误]Thereisnosuchathing.[正]Thereisnosuchthing.〈53〉河两边一棵树也没有。[误]Thereisnotatreeonbothsidesoftheriver.[正]Thereisnotatreeoneachsideoftheriver/oneithersideoftheriver.〈54〉两种说法都不真实。[误]Bothstoriesarenottrue.[正]Noneofthetwostoriesistrue.〈55〉这两本小说我都不喜欢。[误]Idon'tlikebothofthenovels.[正]Ilikeneitherofthenovels.或Idonotlikeeitheroftherovels.〈56〉无论哪一种情况，我都不同意。[误]Idon'tagreeinbothcases.[正]InneithercasecanIagree.〈57〉谁都不说英语。[误]Onedoesn'tspeakEnglish.[正]NoonespeaksEnglish.或NoneofthemspeakEnglish.〈58〉到处找不到他。[误]Heisnotfoundeverywhere.6,[正]Heisnowheretobefound.〈59〉谁都不能做那事。[误]Anybodycannotdoit.或Allofthemcannotdoit.[正]Nobody/Noonecandoit.〈60〉你不能做那事，我也不能，任何人都不能。[误]Youcan'tdoit,neithercanI,neithercananybodyelse.[正]Youcan'tdoit,norcanI,nor/neithercananybodyelse.6