高中英语非谓语动词重难点详解

非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：1.不定式①基本形式：todo（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）②被动式：tobedone（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）③进行式：tobedoing （表示主动和进行）④完成时：tohavedone（表示主动和完成）⑤完成被动式：tohavebeendone（表示被动和完成）⑥完成进行式：tohavebeendoing （表示主动和完成进行）     Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises. 老师让我们做早操。Thecartobeboughtisforhissister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。 Shepretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom. 老师进来时，她假装正在读书。     Thethiefissaidtohaveescaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。     Thethiefissaidtohavebeenarrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。     Sheissaidtohavebeenworkinginthefactoryoverthelast20years. 据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。     2.动名词①基本形式：doing（表示主动）②被动式：beingdone（表示被动）③完成式：havingdone（表示主动和完成）④完成被动式：havingbeendone（表示被动和完成）      Travellinginspacebyordinarypeoplewillbecommoninthefuture.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。     Freddyandhisbandcouldgonowherewithoutbeingfollowedbytheirfans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。     Ihavenoideaofhishavingdonesuchathingagainstyou. 我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。     Manycustomerscomplainofhavingbeengivenshortweightatthatshop. 很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。     3.现在分词①基本形式：doing（表示主动和进行）②被动式：beingdone（表示被动和进行）③完成式：havingdone（表示主动和完成）④完成被动式：havingbeendone（表示被动和完成）      Hesatthere，readinganewspaper. 他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。     Theareabeingstudiedmayberichincoal. 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。     Havingfinishedmyhomework，IbegantowatchTV. 完成作业后，我开始看电视。     Havingbeentoldmanytimes，shestillcantrememberit. 已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。     4.过去分词：done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。     pollutedriver被污染的河流；fallenleaves落叶     注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。      非谓语动词的语法非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。     1.不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。Tolearnaforeignlanguageisdifficult.（作主语）学会一门外语是很难的。It’seasytoseetheiraunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）很容易见到他们的姑姑。     Tomwantedtohaveacupofbeer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。     Hiswishistobeadriver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。     Ihavenothingtosay.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。     Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.（作宾语补足语）老师让我们做早操。     Theywenttoseetheiraunt.（目的状语）他们去见他们的姑姑。      2.动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。LearningEnglishisverydifficult.（作主语）学英语非常困难。     Ienjoydancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。      Ihavegotusedtolivinginthecountry.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。     Hisjobisdrivingabus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。      3.现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语Thestoryisinteresting.这个故事有趣。     Hesatthere，readinganewspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。     Theareabeingstudiedmayberichincoal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。     Hesawthethiefstealingsomemoneyfromthebank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。     4.过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语Heisinterestedinthenews.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。     pollutedriver（做定语） 被污染的河流     Givenmoretime,Icandomyworkbetter.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。     Ifoundmywatchstolen.（做宾补）     我发现我的手表被偷了。      非谓语动词重难点 1.须用省去to的不定式（do）作宾补的11个动词。五看（see、watch、notice、observe、lookat）两听（hear、listento）三使（make、let、have）一感觉（feel）根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。     Isawabigbirdflyovertheroofofthehouseyesterday.     昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。      seesb.dosth.看到某人做了某事     seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事seesb./sth.done看到某人/某物被......      Iseehimmakethephonecall. 我看到他打了电话。（他打电话的整个动作我都看见了）     Iseehimmakingaphonecall. 我看到他正在打电话。（强调看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全过程.）     Weoftenseehimsurroundedbymuchwork. 我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.     2.只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词want、wouldlike、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse  3.只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词practice、consider、enjoy、finish、giveup、imagine、keep、putoff、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、mind、miss、permit、prohibit   4.既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词remembertodosth.记住要做某事（未做） rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已做）      forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）      forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（已做）          regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事（未做） regretdoingsth.后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）          trytodosth.努力做某事       trydoingsth.尝试做某事           meantodosth.计划做某事       meandoingsth.意味着做某事           can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事 can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事           stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事情          5.所有非谓语动词的完成形式都不能做定语如tohavedone、tohavebeendone、tohavebeendoing、havingdone和havingbeendone。非谓语动词解题步骤 1.判断非谓语动作的逻辑主语，以此来确定它表示主动含义还是被动含义。①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词。②非谓语动作做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。③非谓语动作做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。     2.判断非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后关系。和谓语动作同时发生表示进行，应用以上提到的进行式（tobedoing和doing）；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来，应用（todo和tobedone）；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成,应用（tohavedone、tohavebeendone、tohavebeendoing、havingdone、havingbeendone和done）。      例如下面几题：      （1）Anexercisemethod     toimprovestrengthandbalanceisbecomingpopularintheUnitedStates.     A.designing        B.designed         C.tobedesigned  D.beingdesigned 【答案与解析】B“设计”在这里是定语，修饰其前的“anexercisemethod”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它的被修饰词“anexercisemethod”，所以表被动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已经完成，所以应用表示被动完成含义的designed。 （2）Openyourheart,andyou’llmakeyourselfbetter______.A.known         B.knowing            C.toknow   D.know     【答案与解析】A “知道，了解”在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语yourself，yourself和“知道，了解”在这里是被动关系，所以选择过去分词known。      专项练习1.           (encourage)bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.     2.           (approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.     3.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,           (travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.     4.          (look)atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.     5.Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,           (keep)aneyeoutforbargains.6.Ihavealotofreadings           (complete)beforetheendofthisterm.     7.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth，          (cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.     8.Agreatnumberofstudents           (question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.       9.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps           (borrow)fromthelibrary.     10.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank           (buy)presentsformydad.     11.           (see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.     12.Withthegovernment’said,those           (affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.      13.           (complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends. 14.Thenewsshockedthepublic,           (lead)togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.      15.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,          (send)suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.     16.           (bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.      17.           (remind)nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.      18.           (give)therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowtheinternationalstars.      19.Thechildrenallturned            (look)atthefamousactressasshe enteredtheclassroom.     20.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,           (kill)allfourpeopleonboard.      21.Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,           (compare)withhisoldone.      22.—Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?—Yes.But            (find)it，Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.     23.           (throw)theirhatsintotheair，thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.     24.Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime           (allow).     25.Thetrees           (blow)downinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad. 26.           (complete)theprojectasplanned，we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.     27．I’mtiredout．Istayedupthewholenight,            (study)formymidtermmathexam．     28.           (raise)people’slivingstandards,thecentralgovernmentwilltakemoremeasuresinthecomingyears.     29.Hetoldmetostartearly,           (remind)methattheroadswouldbecrowded.     30.           (import)fromothercountries,sandpaintingisnowbeingrecognizedinChinaforitsuniquenessandcreativity.     31．          (live)inthecountry,weh     adfewsocialactivities.32.Sheseemstoprefer           (watch)AmericanTVShowstotalkingtome.33．          (control)heremotion,sheburiedherfaceinherhands.  34.Thereporterapologizedforanymisunderstandings           (cause)byhisarticleonthatfilmstar.      35.           (lower)thehousingprice,severalmeasureshavebeenadoptedinthelasttwoyears.     36.Programmes,           (design)tobringtheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.     37.           (gain)valuableexperience,heaskedtobesenttoremoteareas. 38.Theseats           (reserve)forchildrenandseniorsarerightatthefrontofthebuses.     39．Manythingssuchasgoingabroadandowningacar,           (consider)impossiblein thepast,arenowverycommon.   40.Afteralongabsence,Iwentbacktocollege,           (hope)topickupwhereI’dleftoff.     41.Wasit           (hold)theinternationalconferencethatmadethecitythefocusofthisarea?     42.I’msorryIwaslate.           (make)upforit,letmetreatyoutoameal.43.           (save)power,turnoffthehotwaterafteryouaredoneshowering. 44.Aperson,when           (challenge),canoftendowhatisnormallybeyond hisability.     45.           (offer)abetterpositionatIBM,hebecamemoreandmoreconfidentofhisability.     46.Today,peoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontotheirhealth,           (make)booksonkeepinghealthyextremelyhot.    47.Morethanaquarteroftheenergy           (use)intheUnitedStatesgoestomovingpeopleandgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.     48.Thereporterapologizedforanymisunderstandings           (cause)byhisarticleonthatfilmstar.      49.Someseeminglyharmlessblogsmightbecomeharmfulwhen           (read)ontheInternetbymillionsofpeople.     50.Not           (impress)withthequalityofyourgoods,Iwillcertainlynotadviseotherstobuythem.参考答案1.Encouraged2.Approaching 3.Traveling4.Looking5.keeping6.tocomplete7.causing8.questioned 9.borrowed10.tobuy11.Seen 12.affected 13.Tocomplete 14.leading 15.sending16.Bitten 17.Reminded  18.Given 19.tolook20.killing 21.compared 22.tofind23.Throwing 25.blown26.Tocomplete 27.studying28.Toraise  29.reminding30.Imported 31.Living32.watching 33.Tocontrol34.caused 35.Tolower36.designed 37.Togain 38.reserved 39.considered 40.hoping41.holding42.Tomake 43.Tosave44.challenged 45.Offered46.making47.used 48.caused 49.read 50.impressed