高中英语2025届高考考前知识要点提醒（语法与句型 高频词汇与短语 阅读理解 写作 易错点）

高考英语考前知识要点提醒一、语法与句型1.时态关键对比现在完成时（havedone）vs.过去完成时（haddone）WhenIarrived,thetrainhadleft.（“到达”是过去，“火车离开”更早。）Shehasfinishedherhomework.（作业已完成，现在可以休息了。）Ihavelivedherefor10years.（从过去住到现在，可能继续住。）现在完成时：强调动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态。例句:过去完成时：表示“过去的过去”，即在另一个过去动作之前完成的动作。例句:2.被动语态（重点结构）基本结构：be+过去分词，强调动作承受者。例句:ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.（书是被写的对象。）Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltnow.（桥正在被建造。）注意：不及物动词（如happen,die）无被动语态。错误:Theaccidentwashappenedyesterday.→正确:Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.3.虚拟语气（三大核心句型）与现在事实相反：If+过去式,主句用would/could/should+动词原形。例句:IfIwereyou,Iwouldapologizetoher.（事实上我不是你。）与过去事实相反：If+haddone,主句用wouldhavedone。例句:Ifyouhadstudiedharder,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.（但过去没努力。）4.非谓语动词（用法对比）不定式（todo）：表目的或将来动作。例句:Hecametohelpme.（目的是帮忙。）动名词（doing）：作主语或宾语，表习惯性动作。例句:Swimmingisgoodforhealth.（主语）/Ienjoyreading.（宾语）分词（doing/done）：作定语或状语。例句:Thegirlstandingthereismysister.（现在分词表主动）ThewindowbrokenbyTomneedsrepair.（过去分词表被动）5.定语从句（关系词选择）人：who/whom/that例句:Themanwhohelpedmeisadoctor.物：which/that例句:Thebookwhichyoulentmeisinteresting.地点/时间/原因：where/when/why例句:ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.（where=intheschool）二、高频词汇与短语1.动词短语（必须记牢）putoff（推迟）:Themeetingwasputoffbecauseoftherain.lookinto3,（调查）:Thepolicearelookingintothecase.comeacross（偶遇）:Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreet.2.形近词辨析（考试高频）affect（v.影响）vs.effect（n.效果）例句:Thenoiseaffectedmyconcentration.（动词）Themedicinehadapositiveeffect.（名词）rise（vi.上升）vs.raise（vt.举起）例句:Thesunrisesintheeast.（不及物，无宾语）Heraisedhishandtoaskaquestion.（及物，有宾语）3.介词固定搭配（易丢分点）beresponsiblefor（对…负责）:Teachersareresponsibleforstudents'safety.infavorof（支持）:Mostpeopleareinfavorofthenewpolicy.onaccountof（由于）:Thegamewascanceledonaccountofthestorm.三、阅读理解1.主旨题（找核心论点）方法：重点读首段、尾段和每段首句。例题（原文节选）:"Manystudiesshowthatlaughterreducesstress.Italsoimprovesimmunity..."问题:Whatisthemainidea?答案:Thebenefitsoflaughter.（重复关键词：reducesstress,improvesimmunity）2.猜词题（上下文线索）例题:"Shewasfrugal,alwayssavingmoneyandrarelybuyingluxuries."问题:Whatdoes"frugal"mean?线索:"savingmoney"+"rarelybuyingluxuries"→节俭的（thrifty）。3.长难句拆解（实战分析）原句:Thescientistwhodiscoveredthistheory,despitefacingcriticismfromcolleagues,nevergaveuphisresearch.拆解步骤:主干：Thescientistnevergaveuphisresearch.定语从句：whodiscoveredthistheory（修饰scientist）插入语：despitefacingcriticism（让步状语）四、写作1.建议信模板开头句:Iamwritingtooffersomesuggestionson...正文句:Itwouldbeadvisableto.../Youmightconsiderdoing...结尾句:Ihopetheseproposalswillbehelpful.2.议论文万能句型观点句:Noonecandenythat...（不可否认…）论据句:Aclassicexampleis...（典型案例是…）3,结论句:Inlightoftheabove,wecanconcludethat...五、易错点1.可数/不可数名词不可数名词：advice（建议）,information（信息）,furniture（家具）错误:Hegavemeagoodadvice.→正确:Hegavemesomegoodadvice.2.冠词误用a/an：用于泛指，注意发音（auniversity/anhour）。the：用于特指或唯一事物（thesun,theInternet）。3