初中英语时态易错点归纳整理

一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Herecomesthebus. =Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell. =Thebellisringing.3）在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.用现在进行时表示将来   意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。I'mleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue，例如：Ihavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词Know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate例如：Ineedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬间动词 accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,,refuse. 例如：Iacceptyouradvice.4)系动词seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn。例如：Youseemalittletired.一般现在时代替将来时   时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时：When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately。例如：HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。典型例题(1）Hesaidhe________meapresentunlessI_______indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeedC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.答案B.在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有Hesaid，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B.此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。(2)表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)一般现在时代替过去时 1)"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。Thenewspaper,saysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.报纸上说明天会很冷的。2)叙述往事，使其生动。Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.一般现在时代替完成时 1)有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember.例如：Ihear(=haveheard)hewillgotoLondon.Iforget(=haveforgotten)howoldheis.2)句型"Itis…since…"代替"Ithasbeen…since…"3)Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmet.一般现在时代替进行时 1)句型：Herecomes…；Theregoes…例如：Look,herecomesMr.Li.现在进行时代替将来时 1)表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?这周和我们一起度周末吗?Weareleavingsoon.我们马上就走。2)渐变动词，如：get,run,grow,become,begin及die。例如：Heisdying. 不用被动语态的情况 1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand，breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace. 例如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappened,lastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto。例如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock. Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn。例如：Itsoundsgood.4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,life。 例如：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对)Shelikestoswim.(错)Toswimislikedbyher.主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive… 例如：Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build。例如：Iwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve,后的动名词必须用主动形式。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。被动形式表示主动意义 bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried：例如：Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.need/want/require/worth 注意：当need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。Thefloorrequireswashing. 地板需要冲洗。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。典型例题Thelibraryneeds___,butit'llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned答案A.need(实意)+n/todo，need(情态)+do，当为被动语态时，还可need+doing.本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有tobeclean则也为正确答案。