初中英语新人教版八年级上册Unit 2 Home Sweet Home单词解析（B部分）（2025秋）

八年级英语上册Unit2单词解析（B部分）1.Until(介词)到...时、直到...为止【用法讲解】until通常用于描述一个动作或状态持续到某一特定时间点才结束。用于肯定句，表示持续到某一时间点；用于否定句中，与not连用，表示“直到...才”。Eg:Theytalkeduntiloneo’clockinthemorning.他们一直谈到半夜一点钟。Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedhiswork.他完成工作才离开了办公室。【易混辨析】until与not...until区别until表示某一动作或状态一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止；Not...until表示动作在until短语所表示的时间之后才开始发生。Eg:Iwillstayhereuntilyoucomeback.我将待在这里直到你回来。Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedhiswork.他完成工作才离开了办公室。【即学即用】()1.IwatchedtheWorldCupinabarandI______home______1:00inthemorning.A.go;untilB.didn’tgo;untilC.went;untilD.havegone;until答案：B2.Becarefulwith注意、当心Eg:Youhavetobecarefulwithpeopleyoudon’tknow.对不认识的人得当心。【知识拓展】careful为形容词，译为“小心的、仔细的、认真的”。【常见搭配】becarefulof/aboutsth.当心...Becarefultodosth.小心做某事Eg:Becarefulofdog,itsometimesbitespeople.当心那条狗，它有时候咬人。Youmustbecarefultoavoidbeingcaught.你必须小心，不要被抓到。【派生词】carefully为副词，译为“认真地、仔细地”；careless为形容词，译为“粗心的、马虎的”；care为动词，译为“关心”。Eg:Hereadthelettercarefully.他仔细阅读了那封信。Heisacarelessdriver.他是一个粗心的司机。Idon'tcarethathe’slate.我不在乎他迟到。【即学即用】1.请小心保管好你的东西。10,Please______________________yourthings.2.Ifyoulook_______(careful)youcanjustseeourhousefromhere.答案：1.becarefulwith2.carefully3.Movie(名词)电影【用法讲解】movie为可数名词，其复数形式为movies。Eg:Haveyouwatchedthenewmoviethatjustcameout?你看过新上映的电影了吗？【常见搭配】Themovies电影院、电影产业Gotothemovies去看电影Movietheater/cinema电影院Eg:Lifeisn’tlikeinthemovies,youknow.你知道，生活不像在电影里那样。What’sonatthemovies?电影院在上演什么片子？Let’sgotothemovies.我们去看电影吧。Therearefivemovietheatre/cinemainthistown.这个镇里有五座电影院。【即学即用】1.上周日我和朋友们一起去看电影了。I________________________withmyfriendslastSunday.答案：wenttothemovies4.Dead(形容词)不运行的、死的【用法讲解】还可译为“麻木的、失去知觉的、没电的、死气沉沉的”等。Eg:HisfatherisdeaD.他的爸爸已经去世了。MyarmhadgonedeaD.我的手臂麻木了。ThebatteryisdeaD.电池没电了。ThetownisdeadaftertheminehascloseD.井矿关闭后，镇上一片死气沉沉。【派生词】die为动词，译为“死去、去世”。【常见搭配】diefrom死于（外部原因）Dieof死于（内部原因）Diefor...为...而死Dieout灭绝Dieaway逐渐消失Eg:Hediedfromaheartattack.他死于心脏病。Shediedofcancer.她死于癌症。Manysoldiersdiedfortheircountry.许多士兵为国捐躯。Manyspeciesaredyingoutduetohabitatloss.许多物种因栖息地丧失而灭绝。Thesoundofthewavesdiedawayaswewaledfurtherintotheforest.随着我们走进森林，海浪的声音逐渐消失了。10,【易混辨析】die、dead、dying、death区别die为动词，译为“死亡”；Dead为形容词，译为“已故的、死的”；dying为形容词，译为“奄奄一息的”；death为名词，译为“死亡”。Eg:Hisfatherdiedlastyear.他的父亲去年去世了。ThecatisdeaD.猫死了。Adyingmanislyingonthestreet.一个奄奄一息的人躺在街上。Hismother’sdeathwasagreatshocktohim.他母亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击。【即学即用】1.Theyarestillgrievingfortheir_______(die)chilD.()2.Theoldmandied_______hearttrouble.A.ofB.fromC.withD.by答案：1.dead2.A5.Note(名词)笔记、记录、便条；(动词)注意、指出【用法讲解】note为可数名词，其复数形式为notes。【常见搭配】takenotes记笔记Makeanoteofsth.把某事记下来Leaveanote留一张便条Eg:Sheoftentakesnotescarefullyinclass.她经常在课堂上认真记笔记。Heleftanoteonthefridgesayinghewouldbehomelate.他在冰箱上留了便条说他晚点回家。Thesongstartedwithahighnote.这首歌曲以高音开始。Hepaidwithaten-poundnote.他用十英镑付款。PleasenotethattheofficewillbeclosedonFriday.请注意周五这个办公室将关闭。Ishallmakeanoteofyourstatement.我们将把你的发言记录下来。【即学即用】1.今天下午开会你能做记录吗？Canyou______________atthisafternoon’smeeting?答案：takenotes6.Cleanup清扫Eg:I’malwayshavingtocleanupafterthechildren.孩子们离开以后，我总得打扫一番。【知识拓展】clean可为形容词，译为“干净的、无污染的”；clean还可为动词，译为“清除、整理”。Eg:Theroomisclean.10,房间是干净的。Cleanenergyisbetterfortheenvironment.无污染能源对环境更好。Ineedtocleanthekitchenbeforedinner.晚饭前我需要打扫厨房。Let’scleanupthismess.我们来收拾一下这个烂摊子。【常见搭配】cleanout彻底打扫、清空Cleanoff清理平面Cleanaway清理某个混乱的地方Keepclean保持清洁Eg:Shedecidedtocleanoutherclosetandgetridofsomeoldclothes.她决定把衣柜腾空，扔掉一些旧衣服。Cleanoffthetablebeforeyoustartworking.开始工作前先把桌子清理干净。Cleanawaythemessbeforetheinspection.检查前清理干净。Youshouldkeepyourhandscleanbeforeeating.吃饭前你应该把手洗干净。【派生词】cleanly为副词，译为“干净地”。Eg:Shecleansthewindowcleanly.她干净地打扫窗户。【即学即用】1.你应该经常清理房间。Youshouldalways____________theroom.答案：cleanup7.Community(名词)社区、社团【用法讲解】community为可数名词，其复数形式为communities。Eg:Ourcommunityorganizesalotofeventsforpeopletogettoknoweachother.我们社区为人们组织了很多活动，以便大家互相了解。【即学即用】1.Thetwo_________(community)arenowonacollisioncourse.答案：communities8.Rubbish(名词)垃圾【用法讲解】rubbish为不可数名词；rubbish也可作动词，译为“贬低”；rubbish也可为形容词，译为“毫无价值的、技术差劲的”。Eg:Don'tleaverubbishonthefloor.不要把垃圾仍在地板上。Hisbookisfullofrubbish.他的书里全是废话。Healwaysrubbishesmyideas.他总是贬低我的想法。I’mrubbishatcooking.我烹饪技术很差劲。【常见搭配】talkrubbish胡说八道Eg:Don’ttalkrubbish.I’mbeingserious.别瞎说，我在说正经的呢。【即学即用】10,1.Thestreetswerelitteredwith________(rubbish).答案：rubbish9.Almost(副词)差不多、几乎【用法讲解】almost常位于行为动词前修饰动词；也可修饰形容词或副词，此时放在所修饰词前面；亦可与否定词not、never、none等连用，表示“几乎不”。Eg:Shealmostmissedthebus.她差点错过了公交车。Itwasalmostperfect.它几乎是完美的。Ialmostdidn’trecognizehim.我差点没认出他。【常见搭配】almostalways几乎总是Almostnever几乎从不Almostthere差不多到了Almostimpossible几乎不可能Almostimmediately几乎立刻Eg:Heisalmostalwaysontime.他几乎总是准时。IalmostnevereatfastfooD.我几乎从不吃快餐。Wearealmosttherewiththeproject.我们的项目快完成了。It’salmostimpossibletofindaparkingspothere.在这里几乎不可能找到停车位。Sherespondedalmostimmediately.她几乎立刻回复了。【易混辨析】nearly和almost区别nearly表示接近但未达到完成的程度；Almost表示接近，但更强调接近完成的状态。Eg:HeverynearlydieD.他差点死了。HealmostcrieD.他差点哭出来。【即学即用】()1.Itis______impossibletofinishsomuchhomework.A.nearlyB.aboutC.almostD.near答案：C10.Journey(名词)旅行、历程；(动词)旅行【用法讲解】journey为可数名词，其复数形式为journeys；还可作动词，译为“旅行”。Eg:HeplannedajourneyacrossEuropebytrain.他计划乘火车穿越欧洲旅行。Theyjourneyedthroughthedesertforweeks.他进行为期几周穿越沙漠的旅行。【常见搭配】onthejourney在旅行中Haveapleasantjourney一路顺风10,Haveagoodjourney旅途愉快Journeyto地点名词旅行到某地Thejourneyoflife人生旅程Eg:Theyareonajourneytodiscovernewcultures.他们在旅行中探索新的文化。JourneytotheWest.西游记Thejourneyoflifeislikeabustrip.人的一生，像乘坐一辆公交车。【易混辨析】Journey,trip,travel与tour区别：journey着重指“长距离的、陆上的旅行”Trip指“任何方式的短途旅行”travel泛指旅行的过程，尤指出国旅行tour常指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”【即学即用】()1.It’salong_______fromBeijingtoHainan.A.journeyB.tripC.travelD.tour答案：A11.Pull(动词)拉、拖、拔【用法讲解】pull也可作名词，译为“拉力、牵引力”。Eg:Hepulledthedooropen.他拉开了门。Thedrawerpullseasily.这个抽屉很容易拉开。Thepullofthetideisverystrong.潮水的拉力很强。【常见搭配】pullapart分开、拉开Pullatsth.用力拉Pulldown摧毁Pullout抽出、拔出Pullover停在路边Pullthrough度过难关、恢复健康Pulltogether齐心协力Eg:Theteacherpulledthetwofightingboysapart.老师把两个打架的男孩拉开了。Hepulledattheropewithallhisstrength.他用尽全力拉绳子。Thestormpulleddownseveralhousesinthevillage.暴风雨摧毁了村庄里的几所房子。Thedentistpulledoutthebadtooth.牙医拔掉了那颗坏牙。Thepoliceofficeraskedthedrivertopullover.警察让司机靠边停车。Withthedoctor’shelp,hefinallypulledthrough.在医生的帮助下，他终于康复了。Weneedtopulltogethertofinishthisproject.10,我们需要齐心协力完成这个项目。【派生词】push为动词，译为“推”。Eg:Hewadedintothewatertopushtheboatout.他蹚进水里把船推出来。【即学即用】()1.--Oh,Ihadaterribletoothache!--You’dbettergotoseeadentistandhaveyourtooth_______out.A.pullB.pulledC.pushD.pushed答案：B12.Luggage(名词)行李【用法讲解】luggage为不可数名词，表示“行李”的总称；luggage也可引申为“精神负担”等。Eg:Theairlinelostmyluggage.航空公司弄丢了我的行李。Luggagemustbecheckedinatleasttwohoursbeforedeparture.行李必须在起飞前至少两小时办理托运。【常见搭配】apieceofluggage一件行李Thecontentsoftheluggage行李里的东西Luggagerack行李架Eg:Attachalabeltoeachpieceofluggage.每件行李上都加上标签。Heputhisbagontheluggagerack.他把包放在行李架上。【即学即用】1.Thereisroomforonemorepieceof_______(luggage).答案：luggage13.Sharesth.withsB.把...与...分享Eg:Iamwillingtosharemyexperiencewithyou.我愿意与你分享我的经验。【知识拓展】share用法share为动词，译为“分享、公用、分配、分担”；share也可作名词，译为“份额、股份”。Eg:CanIsharetheumbrellawithyou?我可以和你公用一把伞吗？Nowlet’ssharethesweets.现在让我们分糖果吧。Shealwaysshareshermother’stroubles.她总是帮妈妈分担忧愁。Yourshareis50dollars.你的份额是50美元。Sharepriceisincreasing.股价正在上升。【即学即用】1.我和我的朋友分享了我的想法。I_______mythoughts_______myfriends.10,答案：shared;with14.Familiar(形容词)熟悉的【用法讲解】familiar作形容词，也可译为“随和的、常见的”；familiar也可为名词，译为“密友、熟人”。Eg:I’mfamiliarwiththecity’sstreets.我熟悉这座城市的街道。Hespokeinafamiliartonewithhisoldfriends.他与老朋友说话时语气很随和。Thisproblemisquitefamiliarinourindustry.这个问题在我们行业中很常见。Heisoneofmyfamiliars.他是我的密友之一。【常见搭配】befamiliarwith...对...熟悉Befamiliarto...对...所熟知Eg:ScientistsmustbefamiliarwiththelatestresearchdatA.科学家必须熟悉最新研究数据。Thesetraditionalcustomsarefamiliartoallvillagers.这些传统习俗为所有村民所熟知。【派生词】familiarize为动词，译为“使熟悉”；Unfamiliar为形容词，译为“不熟悉的”；familiarity为名词，译为“熟悉度、亲密感”。Eg:You’llneedtimetofamiliarizeyourselfwithourprocedures.你需要时间熟悉我们的程序。Iwasaloneinanunfamiliarcity.我在一个陌生的城市里形单影只。Whenshesawthehouse,shehadafeelingoffamiliarity.她见到这座房子就有一种熟悉感。【即学即用】1.到了这个时候，你应该熟悉了文章的内容。Bythistime,youshould___________________thetext.答案：befamiliarwith15.Joke(名词)笑话；(动词)开玩笑【用法讲解】joke为可数名词，其复数形式为jokes。Eg:Hetoldafunnyjoke.他讲了一个有趣的笑话。Shejokedabouthercookingskills.她拿自己的厨艺开玩笑。【常见搭配】tellajoke讲笑话PlayajokeonsB.捉弄某人、开某人的玩笑Makeajokeaboutsth.拿某事开玩笑Nojoke不是闹着玩的JokewithsB.与某人说笑Eg:Helikestotelljokesatparties.他喜欢在聚会上讲笑话。Theyplayedajokeonhimbyhidinghiskeys.他们藏起他的钥匙捉弄他。HemadeajokeabouttherainyweathertolightenthemooD.他拿雨天开玩笑来活跃气氛。10,Climbingthatmountainisnojoke.爬那座山可不是开玩笑的。Sheoftenjokeswithhercolleaguesduringbreaks.她休息时常和同事们开玩笑。【即学即用】1.他经常告诫我不要和老年人开玩笑。Heoftentellsmenotto_______________________theoldpeople.答案：playajokeon16.Several(代词)几个、一些；(形容词)各自的【用法讲解】several后面即可接可数名词也可接不可数名词；也可以作代词指代已经提及的人或物。Eg:Isawseveralbirdsinthegarden.我在花园里看到了几只鸟。Shehasseveralpiecesofadviceforyou.她有几条建议给你。Ididn’tknowwhichkeytouse,soItriedseveral.我不知道用哪个钥匙，所以我试了好几个。【常见搭配】several+of+限定词+名词复数Severaltimes几次Eg:Severalofmyfriendsdon’thavecars.我的几个朋友没有车。Ihavetriedtocallherseveraltimes,butshedidn’tanswer.我试着给她打了几次电话，但她没接。【即学即用】()1.Thereareseveral______ofbooksonthetableintheclassroom.A.pairB.pairsC.pieceD.pieces答案：B17.Nod(动词/名词)点（头）Eg:Henoddedinagreement.他点头表示同意。Hegaveanodofapproval.他点头表示赞成。【常见搭配】nodone’shead点头Nodoff打瞌睡、小睡Giveanodto...点头示意Eg:Shenoddedherheadinunderstanding.她点头表示理解。Henoddedoffduringthemovie.他在看电影时睡着了。TheteachergaveanodtothestudentwhoraisedhishanD.老师向举手的学生点了点头。【即学即用】1.当他建议去公园时她点头同意。She__________________inagreementwhenhesuggestedgoingtothepark.答案：noddedherhead10,18.Writer(名词)作者【用法讲解】writer为可数名词，其复数形式为writers。Eg:LuXunisafamouswriter.鲁迅是一位非常著名从作家。【派生词】write为动词，译为“写、写作”；其过去式为wrote。Eg:Heiswritinganovel.他正在写一部小说。【常见搭配】writetosB.给某人写信Writedown写下、记下Writeoff注销、取消Eg:Sheoftenwritestoherparents.她经常给父母写信。Pleasewritedownyournameandaddress.请写下你的名字和地址。Thecompanydecidedtowriteoffthelossesfromthefailedproject.公司决定注销失败项目造成的损失。【即学即用】1.Heisa________(write)firstandascientistseconD.答案：writer10