小学英语必背100个基础知识

01一、一个星期七天Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday二、一年十二个月January February March April May JuneJuly August September October November December三、一年四季1.spring 2.summer 3.autumn 4.winter四、容易拼写错的数字1.eighth第八 2.ninth第九 3.forty四十 4.twelfth第十二 5.twentieth第二十五、亲属称呼1.daughter(女儿) 2.niece(女性晚辈) 3.nephew(男性晚辈) 4.cousin(同辈兄弟姐妹) 5.aunt(女性长辈) 6.uncle(男性长辈)六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔 2.control(controlled,controlling)控制3.admit(admitted,admitting)承认 4.occur(occurred,occurring)出现5.prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿  6.refer(referred,referring)提到7.forget(forgetting)忘记 8.permit(permitted,permitting)允许9.equip(equipped,equipping)装备注意：quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播 2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止 4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅5.freeze(froze,frozen)结冰 6.hang(作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7.lie–lied–lied说谎;lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid-laid放置 8.seek(sought,sought)寻求9.shake(shook,shaken)发抖 10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉 12.spread(spread,spread)传播13.swim(swam,swum)游泳 14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎16.wear(wore;worn)穿/戴 17.hold(held,held) 18.make(made,made) 19.keep(kept,kept)八、意思相近的词1.check（核对）/examine(检查)/test（测试）2.receive（收到）/accept（接受） 3.destroy（毁坏；毁灭）/damage（破坏） 4.celebrate(庆祝)/congratulate（祝贺）5.wearsth/dresssb穿衣九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1.long—length长度 2.wide—width宽度 3.high—height高度 4.strong—strength力量以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或edpicnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1.German(Germans)德国人 2.gulf(gulfs)海湾3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕roof(roofs)房顶4.hero(英雄)，potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeed—success成功 2.pronounce—pronunciation发音 3.explain—explanation解释4.decide—decision决定 5.enter—entrance进入 6.permit—permission允许7.consider—consideration考虑 8.expect—expectation期待 9.discover—discovery发现10.bury—burial埋葬  11.conclude—conclusion得出结论 12.arrive—arrival到达13.weigh—weight重量 14.describe—description描述 15.lose—loss损失16.anxious---anxiety焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1.beautiful美丽的—beautifully 2.possible可能的—possibly3.practical实际的—practically 4.particular特别的—particularly5.successful成功的—successfully02常用英汉互译知识1.元宵节：LanternFestival2.刺绣：embroidery3.重阳节：Double-NinthFestival4.清明节：Tombsweepingday5.剪纸：PaperCutting6.书法：Calligraphy7.对联：(SpringFestival)Couplets8.象形文字：Pictograms/PictographicCharacters9.人才流动：BrainDrain/BrainFlow10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国：WarringStates12.风水：Fengshui/GeomanticOmen13.铁饭碗：IronBowl14.函授部：TheCorrespondenceDepartment15.集体舞：GroupDance16.黄土高原：LoessPlateau17.红白喜事：WeddingsandFunerals18.中秋节：Mid-AutumnDay 19.结婚证：MarriageCertificate20.儒家文化：ConfucianCulture21.附属学校：Affiliatedschool22.古装片：CostumeDrama23.武打片：ChineseSwordplayMovie24.元宵：Tangyuan/SweetRiceDumpling(Soup) 25.一国两制：OneCountry,TwoSystems26.火锅：HotPot27.四人帮：GangofFour28.《诗经》：TheBookofSongs29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-orientedEducation30.《史记》：HistoricalRecords/RecordsoftheGrandHistorian31.大跃进：GreatLeapForward(Movement)32.《西游记》：TheJourneytotheWest33.除夕：ChineseNewYear’sEve/EveoftheSpringFestival34.针灸：Acupuncture35.唐三彩：Tri-colorPotteryoftheTangDynasty/TheTangTri-coloredpottery36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-characteredSocialist/SocialistwithChinesecharacteristics37.偏旁：radical38.孟子：Mencius39.亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic40.大中型国有企业：LargeandMedium-sizedState-ownedEnterprises41.火药：gunpowder42.农历：LunarCalendar43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44.物质精神文明建设：TheConstructionofMaterialCivilizationandSpiritualCivilization45.京剧：BeijingOpera/PekingOpera46.秦腔：CryingofQinPeople/QinOpera47.太极拳：TaiChi48.独生子女证：TheCertificateofOne-child49.天坛：AltarofHeaveninBeijing50.小吃摊：SnackBar/SnackStand51.红双喜：DoubleHappiness52.政治辅导员：PoliticalCounselor/SchoolCounselor53.春卷：SpringRoll(s)54.莲藕：LotusRoot55.追星族：StarStruck56.故宫博物院：ThePalaceMuseum57.相声：Cross-talk/ComicDialogue58.下岗：Layoff/Laidoff59.北京烤鸭：BeijingRoastDuck60.高等自学考试：Self-taughtExaminationofHigherEducation61.烟花爆竹：fireworksandfirecracker62.敦煌莫高窟：MogaoCaves63.电视小品：TVSketch/TVSkit64.香港澳门同胞：CompatriotsfromHongKongandMacao65.文化大革命：CulturalRevolution66.长江中下游地区：TheMid-lowReachesofYangtzeRiver67.门当户对：PerfectMatch/ExactMatch 68.《水浒》：WaterMargin/OutlawsoftheMarsh69.中外合资企业：JointVentures70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："TheFourTreasureoftheStudy""Brush,Inkstick,Paper,andInkstone"。03其它必背单词1.abroad国外2.absencen.缺席(absentadj.)3.accept接受)4.accident事故(accidentaladj.偶然的，accidentallyadv.偶然地)5.achievement成就(achievev.获得)6.address地址7.admire钦佩8.admit承认（admitted)9.agreement协议10.agriculture农业(agriculturaladj.农业的)industry工业（industrial工业的）11.altogether总共12.ancient古代的13.announce宣告、通知announcement(n.口头通知)14.anxiety忧虑(anxiousadj.焦急的，anxiouslyadv.焦急地)15.apologizev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)16.appear出现（appearance外貌n.）disappear消失/不见17.appreciate感激/欣赏(感激人用thanksb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.) 18.Asian(亚洲的)19.assistant助手20.astonish吃惊(astonishmentn.吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的)21.astronaut宇航员22.atmosphere气氛23.attempt尝试(n/v)attempttodosth24.attentively专心地25.attention专心payattentiontodoingsth26.attitude态度27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)28.average平均/平均的 29. onaverage平均30.balance平衡keepthebalanceofnature保持生态平衡31.beauty美(beautiful,beautifully)beautify美化32.believe相信(beliefn.信念，其复数是beliefs)33.beyond超过34.biology生物35.birthday生日36.bravery勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地37.broad宽阔的38.broadcast广播(broadcastbroadcast;)39.care关心careful小心的carefully小心地40.ceiling天花板41.cinema电影院42.celebrate庆祝43.celebration庆祝n.44.century世纪45.challenge挑战46.character性格47.charge收费bechargeof 48.comfortv.&n.安慰comfortable舒适的adj.comfortablyadv.舒适地 49. takechargeof管理„50.comment评论51.communicate（vt）communication(n)交流52.competition竞赛(competev.竞赛competitor竞赛者)53.composition作文54.concert音乐会55.concludev.conclusionn.结论56.condition情况(conditions条件)57.concern关心(vt)58.congratulations祝贺(congratulatev.)59.constant不断的constantly不断地60.construction(建设)61.continue继续62.contribution贡献(contributev.)makecontributionsto对„做出贡献63.convenient(adj.)方便的conveniently方便地64.conversation谈话65.coughing咳嗽66.cousin表兄弟67.cruel的(adj.cruelly残酷地adv.)68.curious好奇的(curiosityn.好奇)69.culture（cultural文化的adj.）70.customer顾客71.whether是否72.custom习俗73.destroy毁灭(其过去式是destroyed)74.declare宣称75.delicious美味76.damage损坏77.determined有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事 78.develop发展(developmentn.developing发展中的，developed发达的)79.dialogue对话80.diary日记(dairy奶制品)81.difference不同点(复数differences)different不同的differently不同地differfrombedifferentfrommakedifferences82.disappointed失望的(disappointing让人失望的)83.disappointment失望84.discovery发现(复数discoveries，动词discover，发现者discoverer)85.disturb打扰 86.dollar美元(其复数是dollars) 87.downstairs楼下upstairs楼上88.dream梦想(其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89.electricity电(electrical电的，electric电的)90.employ雇用(employmentn.employer雇主，employee雇员)91.empty倒空(可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92.encourage鼓励(encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.)encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事93.energy能量94.envelope信封95.envyn.妒忌96.equal(平等的)equality平等97.equipment设备98.especially尤其是99.essential(重要的)100.European欧洲人 101.event事件107.expert专家102.excellent极好(excellencen.excellentlyadv.)104.exhibition展览105.expense耗费expensive昂贵的106.experience经验/经历(experienced有经验的)anunusualexperience一次不同寻常的经历havemuchexperience经验丰富107.express(vt)表达expression(n)108.impress印象impression(n.)109.failv.失败failuren.失败failtodosth没做成某事110.familiar(熟悉的)befamiliarto/with111.worship崇拜112.favorite最喜爱的flexible灵活的113.figure人物/数字114.finger手指115.flight飞行116.forehead前额117.foreign(外国的)118.fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地unfortunately不幸运地119.forward向前120.freezing极冷的(frozen冷冻的)121.frequently经常地122.furniture家具123.far远的further进一步的124.generally大概generallyspeaking一般来说125.geography地理126.Germany德国127.government政府128.gradual逐渐的gradually逐渐地 129.graduation毕业(graduatefrom毕业于)130.grammar语法131.habit习惯formahabitof养成„习惯132.handkerchief手绢)133.honest诚实的honesty诚实134.honor/honour荣誉135.imagination想象力(imaginev.)136.immediate(立即的)immediately马上(adv)137.takemeasures采取措施138.formahabitof养成„习惯139.incident小事件140.including包括(includev.)141．independent独立的142.industry工业(industrialadj.工业的)143.information信息144.instrument仪器145.institute学院146.inspire激励(inspirationn.inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)147.interest兴趣interesting有兴趣的beinterestedin对„感兴趣148.interrupt打断149. judgingfrom根据„来判断150.introduce介绍(introductionn.)151.regular规则的irregular不规则的152.journey旅程153.judge判断(judgment) 154.kindergarten幼儿园155.knowledge知识156.labor/labour劳动157.late迟的lately最近158.laugh笑laughter笑声159.law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的  160.library图书馆librarian图书馆理员161.lose掉失,（lost，lost）loss损失n.162.luck幸运lucky幸运的luckily幸运地163.magazine杂志164.majority(大多数)165.weather天气 166.manage设法(manager经理,management管理)managetodo设法做到..167.market(市场)supermarket超市168.marriage结婚(marryv.结婚，married已婚的)getmarriedto与某人结婚169.material(s)材料)170.whisper低语171.mayor市长172.mean(意味、打算)meaning意义meaningful有意义的173.measure测量 174.medal奖章(比较：model模型metal金属)175.memory记忆力(memorizev.记住，remember记得)176.message口信177. musician音乐家178.modern现代的179.modest谦虚的180.monitor班长181.moustache胡子182.murder谋杀(murderer凶手)183.music音乐musical音乐的 184.mysterious神秘的(mystery神秘)185.nationality国籍(nation国家，national国家的)186.nature自然natural自然的)187.naughty淘气的188.normal正常的189. itisnecessaryforsbtodosth某人有必要做某事190.necessary必要 191.obey(遵守)break违反 192.obvious明显的obviously明显地193.offer(主动提供)offertodosth主动做某事194.operate动手术operation手术195.opportunity机会（=chance）196.ordinary普通的197.organize/organise(组织)organization组织198.particularly特别是199.passenger旅客200.problem难题question问题201.patience耐心patient耐心的；病人(patiently耐心地)202.wealth财富203.perfect完美（的）(perfectly)Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧204.perform(表演)205.perhaps或许206.period时期207.permit许可vtpermission许可n208.persuaded(说服)209.phenomenon现象phenomena现象（复数）210.physicist物理学家211.pilot(飞行员)212.poisonous有毒的(poison)213.political政治的(politics)214.popular受欢迎的215.population人口216.position职位217.possibility(-ies)可能性(possible可能的)218.poverty贫穷n(poor贫穷的)219.waste(浪费)It’sawastetodosth做某事时一种浪费 220.practice实践practical(可实施的，实际的)221.prepare（准备)preparation222.press压/按pressure(压力)223.pretend假装pretendtodosth假装做某事224.professor教授225.profit利润226.progress进步makegoodprogress进步很大227.pronounce发音pronunciation(n.发音)228.provide提供(比较：supply/providesbwithsthoffersbsth提供某人某物,229.public公众230.purpose目的onpurpose故意地231.quality质量/素质232.quantity（数量)233.realize(实现vt)realityn.现实234.receive收到235.recently(最近=lately)236.recycle(循环再用)237.recognize认出238.regards问候givemyregardstosb请带我向某人问候239.remind提醒remindsbofsth提醒某人某物240.repeatvt.重复(repetitionn.重复)241.respect尊敬242.restaurant餐馆243.temperature温度244.satisfaction满意(satisfy,satisfied,satisfying)245.umbrella(雨伞)246.Saturday(星期六)247.scientific科学的 248.scientific科学的249.secretary秘书250.secretly(秘密地)251.separately单独地252.separate(单独的adj、分开vt)253.serious严重的(seriously)254.serve(v)–service(n)服务255.shortcoming缺点256.silence安静(silent安静的-silently安静地)257.succeed(vi)成功success(n)成功successful(adj)成功的successfully(adv)Succeedindoingsth成功做某事（=besuccessfultodosth）258.similar类似的(similarity–ies相似之处)259.situation形势/情况260.slightly(稍微)261.society社会(socialadj.社会的)262.southern(南方的)northern北方的western西方的eastern东方的263.special特别的264.species物种(单复数同形)265.spring春天266.square平方267.steal–stole--stolen(偷)268.straight(直的)269.suit合适suitable合适的270.support支持/支撑supportthefamily养家糊口271.surprise吃惊toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是besurprisedat对..感到吃惊272.surround包围surrounding周围的surroundings环境273.swimming(游泳n.)274.technique技术(technicaladj.技术的) 275.technology技术276.theory理论intheory理论上277.thirst渴nthirsty口渴的adj278.thorough彻底的289.total合计280.traffic交通trafficjam塞车281.translate翻译translation翻译translator翻译家282.interpret解说,interpreter口语翻译)283.usual平常的unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地284.unwilling不愿意(willingadj.愿意willn.意志)bewillingtodo愿意做„285.vacation假期(=holiday)286.various各种各样的(varietyn.种类)287.victim受害者288.victory胜利289.vocabulary词汇290.voyage航行