【最高考】2023高考英语语法精讲精练 专题八 定语从句常考点

专题八　定语从句常考点定语从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关，也是高考中的常考点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；非限制性定语从句(特别是当先行词是整个句子时)，由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句等。做有关定语从句题目时，一定要将先行词还原到从句里，看其在从句部分充当什么成分。　　关系代词和关系副词的基本用法关系代词指人指物主语宾语定语表语主语宾语定语表语that，whothat，who，whom(可省)whosethatthat，whichthat，which(可省)whosethat关系副词时间地点原因when＝介词＋whichwhere＝介词＋whichwhy＝forwhich[注]学习定语从句时，必须加强对从句句子结构的分析，切记关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：①Istillremembertheday________westudiedtogether.Istillremembertheday________wespenttogether.②Thisisthefactory________heusedtowork.Thisisthefactory________wevisitedyesterday.Thisisthefactory________makesthiskindofcar.③Thisisthereason________heexplained.Thisisthereason________hefailedintheexam.④Idon'tknowtheway________heusedlasttime.Idon'tknowtheway________hesolvedtheproblemlasttime.【答案】①when；that/which/不填　②where；that/which/不填；that/which　③that/which/不填；why　④that/which/不填；that/inwhich/不填　　介词＋关系代词介词后只能用which指物，whom指人，不可用that。介词的选用可根据从句中相关词组确定，也可结合句意根据先行词确定。该介词也可放在从句之尾。用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空：①Heistheperson________weshouldlearn.②Thebag________heputhisbooksislost.\n③Theman________sheistalkingisadoctor.④Thetrain________hewastravellingwaslate.【答案】①fromwhom　②in/intowhich　③to/aboutwhom　④onwhich　　关系代词as的用法用于限制性定语从句中：当先行词被so，as，such，thesame所修饰时，关系代词用as指人或物，而不用which。用于非限制性定语从句中：非限制性定语从句，特别是先行词是整个主句时，由which和as引导的非限制性定语从句，是高考命题的热点。[注]as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面；as引导的从句有“正如”之意，而which则没此意。用适当的关系词填空：①Thisissuchaheavybag________Ican'tcarry.Thisissuchaheavybag________Ican'tcarryit.②Thisisthesameplace________Ivisitedthreeyearsago.Thisisthesameplace________Iworkedthreeyearsago.③Hefailedintheexam，________madehisfatherveryangry.Hefailedintheexam，________Ihadexpected.④Alotoflanguagelearning,________hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.【答案】①as；that　②as；where　③which；as　④as　　并列句和非限制性定语从句的判断并列句是由两个简单句组成的，句子中间必须要有并列连词；而定语从句是由主句和从句构成的。完成下列句子：①Hehastwobrothers，andbothof________areworkers.Hehastwobrothers，bothof________areworkers.②Chinahashundredsofislands，thelargestof________isTaiwan.Chinahashundredsofislands，andthelargestof________isTaiwan.③Hemaynotcome，in________casewewillnotwaitforhim.Hemaynotcomeandin________casewewillnotwaitforhim.【答案】①them；whom　②which；them　③which；that　　先行词模糊化\n表地点的先行词模糊化在句中作状语时用关系副词where，相当于inwhich；在句中作主语和宾语仍用关系代词。常见的词有：point，situation，position，profession，job，case，system，scene，activity，society，culture，strategy，model，accident，economy，crime等；常见的表时间的词有：period，occasion，stage，interval，stay等。用适当的关系词填空：①Thisisonepoint________wemustinsiston.Ihavereachedapointinmylife________Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.②Occasionsarequiterare________Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.【答案】①that/which/不填；where　②when　　定语从句中的数要保持一致关系代词指代的是先行词，因此定语从句中的谓语在数上应与先行词保持一致。完成下列句子：①Thosewho________(break)thelawshouldbepunished.＝Anyonewho________(break)thelawshouldbepunished.＝Whoever________(break)thelawshouldbepunished.②Heisoneofthestudentswho________praisedatyesterday'smeeting.Heistheoneofthestudentswho________praisedatyesterday'smeeting.【答案】①break；breaks；breaks　②were；was　　定语从句中含有插入语定语从句和先行词之间常常会有Ithink，youknow，Ibelieve，Ithought等插入语。做此类题目时，我们要先去除插入语，再选择正确的关系词。完成下列句子：①Thisistheschool________youknowIoncestudied.②Ipickedupaman________Ithoughtwashonest.＝Ipickedupaman________Ithoughttobehonest.③Hemadeadiscovery，________(我认为)isveryimportant.【答案】①where　②who；that/who/whom/不填　③whichIthink　　只能用that或which的情况只用that的场合：①当先行词既指人又指物时。\n②当先行词是不定代词anything，nothing，everything，all，some，little，few，much，none或被不定代词修饰时。③当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。④当先行词被theonly和thevery所修饰时。⑤当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。只用which的场合：①“介词＋which”，指物。②非限制性定语从句中。③防止重复。④指人的性质身份时，而不是指人时。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：①Hetoldusall________hadhappened.②Thisisthemostinterestingfilm________Ihaveeverseen.③Thisisthefirstplace________wevisitedyesterday.Thisisthefirstplace________weworked.④Thisistheonlyplant________growsinthearea.Theearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet________lifehasdevelopedgradually.⑤Theglasseswithout________hecouldn'tseeclearlywerelost.⑥Isaidnothing，________madehimangry.【答案】①that　②that/不填　③that/不填；where　④that；where　⑤which　⑥which　　关系代词whose的用法在高考中，关系代词whose的考点频繁出现。在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词用whose，在表示某物时，相当于the＋n.＋ofwhich或ofwhich＋the＋n.。用适当的关系词填空：①Doyouknowthemanin________carshecamehere?②Themanpulledoutagoldwatch，________handsweremadeofsmalldiamonds.＝Themanpulledoutagoldwatch，thehandsof________weremadeofsmalldiamonds.＝Themanpulledoutagoldwatch，of________thehandsweremadeofsmalldiamonds.【答案】①whose　②whose；which；which　　找准先行词\n一般说来，定语从句是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，但有时也会出现先行词和定语从句被一个词或一个短语所分隔，或者谓语太短等情况，这时我们要根据定语从句的句意判断哪一个词是先行词。用适当的关系词填空：①I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.②She'llneverforgetherstaythere________shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.③Thedaysaregone________weusedtheforeignoil.【答案】①whom/who　②when　③when　　“theone＋that/which/where”和that，which，where的区别完成下列句子：①Isthisthemuseum________youvisitedlastyear?Isthismuseum________youvisitedlastyear?②Isthismuseum________youworkedlastyear?Isthisthemuseum________youworkedlastyear?【答案】①that/which/不填；theonethat/which或theone②theonewhere/where；where/inwhich　　fromwhere和sincewhen结构的区别完成下列句子：①Theystoodatthewindow，from________theycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.②Thebookwaswrittenin1946，since________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.【答案】①where　②when1.(2014·江苏卷)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where2.(2014·江西卷)Amongthemanydangers________sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when\n3.(2014·陕西卷)Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what4.(2014·重庆卷)We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonth________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what5.(2014·安徽卷)Theexactyear________AngolaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which6.(2013·江苏卷)ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina，________heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when7.(2013·浙江卷)Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform________visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why8.(2013·安徽卷)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012，________madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slong－helddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which9.(2013·陕西卷)________isoftenthecasewithchildren，Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As10.(2012·江苏卷)Aftertheflooding，peopleweresufferinginthatarea，________urgentlyneededcleanwater，medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what【答案】1.D　2.A　3.A　4.A　5.D　6.B　7.B　8.D9.D　10.B1.Doyouknowtheman________？A.whomIspokeB.towhoIspokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke2.Iamverygratefultomyhighschoolteachers，without________helpIwouldn'tbesoexcellent.A.whomB.themC.whichD.whose3.—WheredidyoumeethimwhileinBeijing?—Itwasinthehotel________Istayed.\nA.thatB.whichC.whenD.where4.Thesettlementishometonearly1，000people，manyof________leavingtheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those5.Thetimeisnotfaraway________moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina'svastcountryside.A.asB.whenC.untilD.before6.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what7.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer，________shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which8.I'mtoldthatlanguagepractising.comisafreewebsite________learnerscannotjustlearnvariouslanguagesbutalsochatonline.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what9.Theway________helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./10.Byservingothers，apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself，________canbeveryeye－openingandrewarding.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what11.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble，________wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it12.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why13.Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscan'tbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations________appearintheworkingworld.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what14.ThemanagerhadtogotoBeijingonbusinessonJune23，________happenedtobehisonlyson'sbirthday.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what15.Thepictureoftenremindsmeofthehappyhourstimeandagain________Iwasplayinghappilywithmyfriendsduringtheholidays.A.howB.that\nC.whenD.where16.Nowadaysteenagersliketogotofastfoodrestaurants，________servejunkfood.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where17.Isthisresearchcentre________youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyear?A.whichB.thatC.theonewhereD.theonethat18.Sheissuchagoodteacher________weallloveandrespect.A.thatB.asC.soD.who19.Thevolunteerspaidavisittoalltheseniorcitizensinthecommunity，mostof________areagedfrom70toover90yearsold.A.whomB.thoseC.themD.which20.Lastweek，wewatchedBeijingOpera，________stylewasunfamiliartomostofus.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.whose21．Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where22.Mypenfriendsentmeane－mailyesterday________hedescribedhowhespenthissummerholiday.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which23.LasttermourEnglishteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblem________noneofusworkedout.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whose24.Thatevening,________Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when25.Therewasatimeinmylife________IhatedtogotoschoolbecauseIdidn'tgetonwellwithmyclassmates.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which26.You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as27.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.\nA.whenB.whichC.whereD.while28.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer______sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where29.Women________drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don't.A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/30.Lastmonth,partofSouthernAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.what【答案】1.C　2.D　3.D　4.C　5.B　6.B　7.D　8.A9.D　10.C　11.B　12.A　13.C　14.C　15.C　16.A17.C　18.B　19.A　20.D　21.B　22.B　23.A　24.B　25.B　26.A　27.C　28.D　29.C　30.B