【最高考】2023高考英语语法精讲精练 专题二 代词

专题二　代词、数词和介词常考点近几年高考对代词的考查点仍集中在不定代词上，加大了对any，some，all，none，other，another，anything，something，everything等不定代词的考查，同时仍要注意掌握it，that，one以及替代词的用法。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其用法多而杂。要注意识别考纲中规定的介词及相关搭配的基本意义和用法。代　　词　　anything，something，everythinganything既可用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，意为“什么事情”，也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何事情”；something常用于肯定句中，也可用于疑问句中，表示提出建议、征求意见等；everything意为“一切东西”，用于否定句中，表示部分否定，意为“不是一切……”。anythingbut　决不，一点不nothingbut　只有ifanything　如果有什么区别的话fornothing　免费；无结果orsomething　或是什么的somethingof　有些用anything，something和everything填空：①Isthere________thatbelongstoyou?②Ihave________importanttotellyou.③InlearningEnglish，grammarisnot________．④Thecarhitatreeor________．【答案】①anything　②something　③everything④something　　both，all，either，any，neither，none都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone用any,neither和either填空：①Therearemanytreeson________sideofthestreet.\n②Herefusedtoaccept________ofthethreesuggestions.③________ofthetwocarsismine.Mineisunderrepair.【答案】①either　②any　③Neither　　none，nothing，nobody/noonenone既可指人，也可指物，表特指概念，相当于“no＋上文的人或物”；nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念；nobody/noone只能指人，且表泛指概念。用none，nothing和nobody/noone填空：①Grandmotheraskedforsomecoffeebuttherewas________athome.②________knowsaboutit.③________ofusknowsaboutit.④Afterthefire，therewas________left.【答案】①none　②Nobody/Noone　③None　④nothing　　one，another，theother，some，others，theothers一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数oneanothertheother复数someotherstheothers用another和other填空：①Hewillstayherefor________threedays.＝Hewillstayhereforthree________days.②Hewilldropinonussome________day.＝Hewilldropinonus________day.【答案】①another；other　②other；another　　every，eachevery限定词三个或三个以上的每一个作定语each限定词或代词两个或两个以上的每一个作主语、定语、宾语、同位语用every和each填空：①________oftheticketscosts10dollars.②Not________manishonest.③TheOlympicsareheld________fouryears.④They________haveabook.【答案】①Each　②every　③every　④each\n数　　词　　hundred，thousand，million，billion，score，dozen等数词前加具体数词，表达一个确定数字时，无论后面有没有of都不加－s；在hundred，thousand，score，dozen等数词后加－s，表示“数以……计”。如：threehundredstudents，threehundredofthestudents，hundredsofstudents。完成下列句子：①Itisreportedthatthefloodshaveleftabout________(数以千计的)peoplehomeless.②Iwanttobuy________(三打)theeggs.【答案】①thousandsof　②threedozenof注意下面几组词的用法：①基数词在another后或more的前面。如：anothertwobooks＝twomorebooks；②inthefifties(在五十年代)和inone'sfifties(在某人五十几岁的时候)；③atwo－weekholiday＝atwoweeks'holiday(两个星期的假期)。完成下列句子：①Hewasalreadyin________fiftiesin________fifties.②Afteralongwalk，wehad________(几分钟)rest.【答案】①his；the　②afewminutes'　　用序数词和基数词编号用序数词和基数词编号。如：theFourthAct＝ActFour(第四幕)；theSecondWorldWar＝WorldWarⅡ(第二次世界大战)。完成下列句子：①Wewillhaveameetingin________(209房间)．②Hewaskilledin________(第一次世界大战)．【答案】①Room209　②WorldWarI/theFirstWorldWar　　分数表达法当基数词(表示分子)大于1(one)时，序数词(表示分母)要用复数。如：1/3one/athird,2/5twofifths。另外还有下列构成法：1/2　a/onehalf，　1/4　aquarter，　3/4　threequarters\n完成下列句子：①Fromthenonhetoured________(四分之三的)Beijing.②____________(三分之二的)theteachersinourschoolarewomen.【答案】①threequartersof/threefourthsof　②Twothirdsof介　　词　　against的多种含义against(表反对，敌对)意为“与……相反，与……对抗”；(表反方向)意为“与……逆向”；(表接触)意为“与……冲突；倚靠；碰；撞”；(表对照)意为“以……为背景”；(表防护)意为“为防备”；(表预备)意为“防备……”。判断下列句子中against的含义：(　　　　)①Nooneisagainstthisplan.(　　　　)②Theteacher'sdeskisagainstthewall.(　　　　)③Hisredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.(　　　　)④Theevidenceisagainsthim.(　　　　)⑤Theytookmeasuresagainstfire.(　　　　)⑥Shefelldownandhitherheadagainsttheground.(　　　　)⑦Sheswamagainstthetide.【答案】①反对　②靠着　③衬托　④对……不利　⑤预防　⑥碰，撞　⑦与……逆向　　across，through，throughoutacross意为“横过，穿过”，着重指从一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边；含义与on有关；through意为“穿过；从……中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵向穿到另一头；含义与in有关；throughout和through表示时间、空间上的贯穿时两者用法相同，但throughout比through更具强调性。另外，through可意为“原因；手段”，through还可作副词，意为“彻头彻尾，自始至终”。用across，through和throughout填空：①Theybuiltabridge________theriver.②Walk________theparkandthehotelis________thestreet.③Thediseasespread________thecountry.【答案】①across　②through；across　③throughout/across\n　　between，amongbetween用于两者之间，用于三个或三个以上的宾语时所强调的仍是其中每两者之间的相互关系；among用于三者或三者以上。用between和among填空：①Thissecretisonly________youandme.②Wewillvisitthetown________themountains.③Ifyouwanttoloseweight，you'dbetternoteatanything________meals.【答案】①between　②among　③between　　besides，except，exceptfor，exceptthat/when/where从句besides意为“除了……之外还有……”，句中常有other，another，else，more，also等词；此外，besides可用作副词；except意为“除了……之外不再有……”，句中常有all，any，every，no等词；exceptfor意为“除了(因为)……”，表示除去整体中的一部分，范畴不一致。当except用于句首时，后面往往要加上for；except后接that从句作宾语，表示时间用when，表示地点用where。用besides，except，exceptfor和exceptthat填空：①Iknownothingabouttheyounglady________sheisfromBeijing.②Idon'tmindpickingupyourthingsfromthestore.________，thewalkdoesmegood.③Thecarisnice________thecolour.④Weallwenttothepark________Tom，whowasillinhospital.【答案】①exceptthat　②Besides　③exceptfor　④except　　时间介词in和after“in＋时间段”表示将来；“after＋时间段”表示过去，“after＋时间点”表示将来。用in和after填空：①Hewillcomeback________twodays.②Hecameback________twodays.③Hewillcomeback________twoo'clock.【答案】①in　②after　③after\n1.(2014·江苏卷)Goodfamiliesaremuchtoalltheirmembers,but________tonone.A.somethingB.anytingC.everythingD.nothing2.(2014·大纲卷)September30istheday________whichyoumustpayyourbill.A.byB.forC.withD.in3.(2014·大纲卷)—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—Nothing________．A.muchB.elseC.everD.yet4.(2014·浙江卷)Peoplewon'tpayattentiontoyouwhentheystillhavealotofideasoftheirowncrying________expression.A.fromB.overC.withD.for5.(2014·江西卷)ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelife________hisgreatwealth.A.withoutB.despiteC.inD.to6.(2013·陕西卷)AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears，shelost________ofherenthusiasmforlife.A.someB.neitherC.noneD.all7.(2013·辽宁卷)Toherjoy，Dellaearnedfirstthetrustofherstudentsandthen________ofhercolleagues.A.thatB.oneC.onesD.those8.(2013·安徽卷)Thisprojectrequirescloseteamwork.________willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.A.NothingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Everything9.(2012·北京卷)Doyouthinkthisshirtistootight________theshoulder?A.atB.onC.toD.across10.(2012·浙江卷)StudyingWendy'smenu，Ifoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilarto________ofMcDonald's.A.thoseB.onesC.anyD.all【答案】1.C　2.A　3.A　4.D　5.B　6.C　7.A　8.A9.D　10.A\n1.Ihaven'tread________ofhernovels，butjudgingfromtheoneIhaveread，Ithinkshe'sapromisingwriter.A.bothB.anyC.noneD.either2.—CanyoucomeonFridayorSaturday?—I'mafraid________dayispossible.IamleavingforDalianonbusiness.A.eitherB.anyC.noneD.neither3.Ifonesiderefusestogiveinto________，thetradetalkbetweenthecountriesislikelytobreakdown.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.oneanother4.________isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.A.SuchB.ThisC.ThatD.So5.TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom________spokeninEngland.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theone6.Theearthquakeandthesuffering________hascausedwillaffectusgreatlyforalongtime.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what7.Wealreadyhave________pencils，butweneedtwo________pens.A.dozenof；dozenB.dozensof；dozensC.dozensof；dozenD.dozensof；dozenof8.—Areyoucleaningmyroom?—Ican'thelp________.Ican'tbearseeingpeople'sroominamess!A.itB.thisC.anythingD.so9.Hisadvertisementincomethisyearisabout$36million，overthreetimes________oflastyear.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.ones10.—Excuseme，buthaveyoueverseenmybook?—Sorry，Iamnotsure.Apersonjusttookabookaway，butIdon'tknow________．A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.where11.—It'ssaidthatitwillbeextremelycoldthiswinter.—________，themajorityoftheexpertspredictthatthetemperaturewillbenormal.A.InotherwordsB.OnthecontraryC.AsaresultD.What'smore\n12.InAmerica，it'samistaketothinkofFloridaonlyastheplaceforvacation________itstouristattractions.A.inhonourofB.intermsofC.inthenameofD.intheeyesof13.—It'salmosttimefortheflight.Get________theplaneplease.—OK，seeyou!—Takecare!A.aroundB.abroadC.aboardD.board14.Doyouexpect________tobeanypossibilitythathewillbeelectedchairman?A.itB.thatC.oneD.there15.________twoexamstoworryabout，Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A.BesidesB.BecauseofC.WithD.Asfor16.Sometimesproperanswersarenotfartoseek________foodsafetyproblems.A.inB.toC.onD.after17.Eventually，thePresidenthadtoleaveoffice________publicpressureinordertoeasethetensionofthesituation.A.infavourofB.inresponsetoC.inreturnforD.inhonourof18.Thesportsmeet，originally________beheldlastFriday，wasfinallydelayedbecauseofthebadweather.A.duetoB.thankstoC.owingtoD.accordingto19.Mikewasonthespotwhenthetrafficaccidenthappened，sohehadnodifficultyindescribingit________．A.atlastB.atmostC.atstakeD.atlength20.Steven'sexamresultsputhim________thetoptenstudentsinhisgrade.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.at21.—Excuseme,wherecanIget________applicationform?—Goto________Window10,please.A.an;/B.an;theC./;/D.the;the22.HomemilkdeliveryhasalmostdisappearedinChinanow,andgonewith________aremilkmen.A.whichB.itC.whatD.them23.Thepreviouslecturefocusedonthereadingproblemsinnewwords,whilethislecturewillturnto________incomplexsentencestructures.A.thatB.one\nC.thoseD.ones24.Iturnedtobookstoresandlibrariesseekinginformationaboutthebookmentionedinhislecture,butfound________．A.nooneB.noneC.nothingD.anything25.—Whataboutthemonthlytest?Isiteasy?—Yes,butIdon'tthink________canpassit.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybody26.Whiletravelling,Peterneverenjoysvisitinglargecitiesbecausehethinksonecityismuchlike________．A.theotherB.anotherC.theothersD.others27.—Howdidyoufindyourbike,Lily?—Ifoundit________anoticeinthenewspaper.A.inexchangeforB.bymeansofC.inplaceofD.withregardto28.—CanIhaveyourbusinessnumber?—Youcancallme,freeofcharge,________66887790.A.atB.byC.withD.for29.Hisbest－knownworkthatis________allpraisecanbeseeninthemuseum.A.withB.beyondC.withoutD.within30.Whenthegirlfirstarrivedattheschool,shewonderedwhatthefuturemighthave________，butnowalltheworriesaregone.A.inorderB.inplaceC.instoreD.inpreparation【答案】1.A　2.D　3.C　4.A　5.C　6.B　7.C　8.A9.A　10.A　11.B　12.B　13.C　14.D　15.C　16.B17.B　18.A　19.D　20.A　21.A　22.B　23.C　24.B　25.D　26.B　27.B　28.A　29.B　30.C