2024-2025学年译林版八年级英语上学期期末复习 Unit 1~Unit 4 教材知识梳理【考点串讲】

Unit1~Unit4考点串讲译林版丨八年级上册 目录CONTENTS词汇变形PartOne短语过关PartTwo用法梳理PartThree语法精讲PartFour 词汇变形01 1词汇变形honest→dishonestcare(v.)→careful/careless(sdj.)→carefully/carelessly(adv.)→carelessness(n.)humorous(adj.)→humour(n.)polite(adj.)→impolite→politely(adv.)tidy(adj.)-tidier-tidiest→untidytrue(adj.)→truly(adv.)→truth(n.)bore(v.)→bored(adj.)→boring(adj.)smile(v.)→smiling(adj.)choose(v.)-chose-chosen→choice(n.) 1词汇变形bad/badly-worse-worsthigh(adj.)→height(n.)weigh(v.)-weighed→weight(n.)patient(adj.)→impatient→patiently(adv.)competition(n.)→compete(v.)ad(n.)→advertisementBritish(adj.)→Britain(n.)American(adj.)→America(n.)French(n.)→Frenchman-Frenchmen→France 1词汇变形foreign(adj.)→foreigner(n.)discuss(v.)→discussion(n.)end(v.)→endless(adj.)little-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestday(n.)→daily(adj.)week(n.)→weekly(adj.)Australia(n.)→Australian(adj./n.)shine-shone-shone 1词汇变形bore(v.)→boring/bored(adj.)finally(adv.)→final(adj./n.)main(adj.)→mainly(adv.)cheer(v.)→cheerful(adj.)help(v.)→helpless/helpful(adj.)use(v.)→uselss/useful(adj.)hope(v.)→hopeful/hopeless(adj.)meaning(n.)→meaningful/meaningless(adj.)colour(n.)→colourful(adj.) 1词汇变形instruction(n.)→instruct(v.)exact(adj.)→exactly(adv.)advise(v.)→advice(n.)correct(adj.)→incorrect→correctly(adv.)finish→finished(adj.)possible(adj.)→impossible→possibly(adv.)certain(adj.)→uncertain→certainly(adv.)paint(v./n.)→painting(n.)active→inactive 短语过关02 2短语过关keepasecretforsb为某人保守秘密keepthesecrettooneself把秘密藏在自己心里careabout关心haveagoodsenseofhumour/direction很有幽默感/方向感makeanexcellentteacher成为一名优秀的老师tell(sb)alie/lies/ajoke/jokes=tellalie/lies/ajoke/jokes(tosb)说谎/讲笑话knockthebooksontotheground把书本撞到地上choosetodosth选择做某事choosetobeasocialworker选择成为社会工作者plantodosth计划做某事makeaplanfor为...所做的计划 2短语过关whataboutsomemilk?想要一些牛奶吗？whataboutsth/doingsth想要做某事sharesthwithsb和某人分享某物haveproblemwithsth/haveproblemdoingsth(做)某事有问题whathesays/said→hiswords他所说的Whatmakesgoodfriends?什么样的人适合做好朋友?oneofthe/one’s+最高级+复数名词最...的...之一giveherseatonthebustosomeoneinneed把她的座位让给有需要的人haveagoodvoice有副好嗓音sayabadword/badwordsaboutsb说某人坏话 2短语过关both...and...既...又...，...和...have/wearasmileonherface面带微笑helpsbwithsth帮助某人某事bepatient/impatientwithsb对某人有/没有耐心atleast至少atmost至多lookthrough浏览keep(on)doingsth继续做某事，重复做某事finish/completedoingsth完成做某事atlunchtime在午餐时间farawayfrom远离（有具体距离不用far） 2短语过关practisedoing练习做某事haveanimportantmatch(with/against...)有一场和...的重要比赛borrowsthfrom...向某人借lendsthtosb=lendsbsth把某物借给某人neartheendof...临近...末尾attheendof...在...末尾intheend=finally=atlast最后discusssthwithsb=talksthwithsb和某人讨论某事似乎：seemtodo；seem+adj；Itseemsthat+从句listencarefullytomyproblems认真倾听我的问题endearlierthanusual结束的比平时早have...off休假... 2短语过关wearschooluniforms穿校服haveanhourformyhobbies爱好上花一小时haveanhourofhomework做一个小时的作业choosesubjectstostudy选择要学习的科目goonaschooltrip去学校旅行comeon加油；得了吧；赶快enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun(+doing)(做某事)玩的开心takecare保重，当心takecareof=lookafter照顾、照料can’t/couldn’twaittodo迫不及待做某事getoff...下车geton...上车(不适用“代词放中间”) 2短语过关placeofinterest名胜古迹notbelieveone’seyes不相信自己的眼镜ontheInternet在网上byoneself=onone’sown=alone独自cheersbup使某人振作cheerforsb为某人欢呼/加油ashighasarealone和真的那个一样高takeaboattrip乘船旅行sthweighs...=theweightof...is...某物zhong...=某物的重量是...invitesbtodo/sp.邀请某人做某事/去某地alotoftraffic交通拥挤 2短语过关themainsightsoftheworld世界主要景点thesonganddanceshows歌舞表演/秀learnalotaboutdifferentcultures了解许多关于不同文化的知识remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事forgettodo忘记做某事forgetdoing忘记了做过某事inthefinalofthebasketballcompetition在篮球赛的决赛中withone’ssupport/help=withthesupport/helpofsb在某人支持/帮助下a20-minuteperiod20分钟的时间段planadayout计划外出一天readtheinstructions阅读说明(书) 2短语过关hadbetter(not)dosth最好(不要)做某事apairofscissors一把剪刀standfor代表insteadofsth/doing代替/而不是...becrazyaboutsth/doing对...着迷putinabrighterlight安装一盏更亮的灯putupapicture/theshelf张贴一幅画/搭建一个书架makeamistake/mistakes犯错误fill...with...用...装满...befilledwith满是...painttheroomblue把房间刷成蓝色colourtherosesred给玫瑰涂上红色 2短语过关add...to...把...加入...notonly...butalso...不仅...而且...one...theother...一个...另一个...ontheothersideofthecard在卡片另一面forexample例如（举例是句子，且是一个）tidyup整理keepitsecret保密gowrong出错advisesbtodo建议某人做某事advisedoing建议做某事takeacourseinDIY上DIY课程attendlessons上课 2短语过关alloverthefloor满地allovertheworld全世界alloverthecity全城keepspellingthewordswrong一直拼写错误stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下来做了一件事becertainabout...确定forexample例如（举例是句子，且是一个）tidyup整理keepitsecret保密gowrong出错advisesbtodo建议某人做某事advisedoing建议做某事takeacourseinDIY上DIY课程 2短语过关alloverthefloor满地allovertheworld全世界alloverthecity全城keepspellingthewordswrong一直拼写错误attendlessons上课stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下来做了一件事becertainabout...确定 用法梳理03 3用法梳理ready乐意的、准备好的bewillingtodosth=bereadytodosth乐意做某事be/getreadyfor..为...做好准备getsthreadyfor...为...准备好某物preparefor...为...做准备preparesthfor...为...准备好某物eg:Dannyisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Wegeteverythingreadyforourparty.Whoispreparingforthefinalexams?询问重量：what’stheweightof...=Howheavyis...=Howmuchdoes...weigh?eg:What’stheweightofababyelephant?Howheavyisapanda?Howmuchtheseorangesweigh? 3用法梳理somemorefood再一些食物，更多一些食物数量+more+名词→another+数量+名词eg:-Doyouwantsomemorebooks?-Yes,Iwantthreemorecartoonbooks.Dannyhaveonemoredayoff.Dannyhaveanotherdayoff.havesomethingtodrink一些喝的东西something定语后置eg:somethingtoeat一些吃的东西someoneelse其他某人nothingnew没什么新的东西 3用法梳理makehimlooksmart使得他看起来很聪明makesb(not)do使得某人(不)做某事eg:Themusicmakesusfeelrelaxedlook+adj看起来...look/taste/sound/feel/smell是感官动词，后加形容词区别感官动词和其他含义eg:Dogscansmellwell.Thecakessmellgreat. 3用法梳理past介词，（从旁边）经过walkpastthedesk经过课桌旁pass动词，经过，过去式passedeg:-Whopassedtheclassroomjustnow?-It’sDanny.Heranspastquickly.worry担心sthworriessb某事是某人担心beworriedaboutsb/sth=worryaboutsb/sth担心某人/某物eg:-Whatworriesyoualot?-We’reworriedaboutthepatients.Dannyisworryingalotabouttheexamatthemoment. 3用法梳理四个“花费”spendtime/moneyon/doingsth(spent)eg:Theyspendtheirfreetimepractisingbaseball.ittakessbsometimetodosth(took)doingsthtakessbsometimeeg:Ittookhimhalfanhourtowalkhome.sbpaysomemoneyforsth(paid)sbbuysthforsomemoney(bought)eg:Dannypaid100dallorsforthebooks.sthcostsbsomemoney(cost)eg:Thispairofshoescostshimlotsofmoney. 3用法梳理What’s...like?...怎么样?eg:What’syourschoollifelike?What’syournewmathsteacherlike?Whatdoes...looklike?...看起来像什么？Whatdoes...like?...喜欢什么？Howwouldyoulike...?你需要...怎么样？Howdoyoulike...?你觉得...怎么样?eg:Whatdothecloudslooklike?-Howwouldyoulikeyourcoffee?-Withmilk.动名词作主语，看作三单eg:Learningforeignlanguagesisfun.Gettingupearlymakesmehavealottimeforexercise. 3用法梳理为某人提供某物offersbsth=offersthtosbprovidesbwithsth=providesthforsbeg:Thecompanyoffersalotofjobchancestotheyoung.Weshouldprovidethebirdswithmorehabitats.need需要行为动词:needtodo需要做某事，否定形式don’tneedtodosthneeddoing某事需要被做情态动词:needn’tdo不需要做某事eg:-Whatdoweneedtodobeforethemeeting?-Nothing.Youneedn’tworryanything. 3用法梳理exercise锻炼-不可数；...操，练习-可数名词；动词:锻炼do/takeexercise锻炼domorning/eyeexercises做早操、做眼保健操domathsexercises作数学练习eg:-Shouldweexerciseoften?-Wespendmuchtimedoingourexercise,soshoulddomoreexercise,suchasdoingmorningexerciseeverymorning.Thebridgeis90feetwide.→It’sa90-foot-widebridge.90feetwide作表语，90-foot-wide作定语，修饰名词eg:Sheisonly8yearsold,butshecanlookafterher80-year-oldgrandma. 3用法梳理达到：arrivein/atsp=reachsp.=gettospeg:-WhenwilltheyarriveinBeijing?-Theyhavereachedtheairportandwillgettoourhouseinanhour.当sp是地点副词home,here,there时，介词都省略当没有出现地点时，只能用arriveeg:Whendidyouarrive? 3用法梳理it作形式主语：itisadjforsbtodosth做某事对某人来说是...的，形容词修饰todostheg:It’snecessaryforustokeepourclassroomtidy.itisadjofsbtodosth某人是...的，做了某事eg:Youaresokindtogiveahandtoothersinneed. 语法精讲04 4语法精讲考点一：比较级常见句型：1比...更：比较级+than...eg:Ninastudiesharderthananygirlsinclass.2A和B，哪个/谁更...：which/who...,AorB?eg:Whichislarger,themoonorthesun?3越来越...：①比较级+and+比较级②moreandmore+原级eg:It’sgettingcolderandcolder.Nina’shandwritingismoreandmorebeautiful.4alittle/much/even+比较级eg:Becauseoftherain,wearealittleworriedaboutthecomingsportsmeeting. 4语法精讲5越...,就越...：the+比较级...,the+比较级...eg:Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradeyouwillhave.6两者中更...的一个：the+比较级+ofthetwoeg:Ninaisthesmarteroneofthethetwins.注意：同等性质进行比较eg:Nina’spaintingworksarebetterthananyother’s. 4语法精讲考点二：最高级常见句型：（副词最高级前the可以省略）1the+最高级+范围eg:Ninaisthetallestgirlinourclass.2the+序数词+最高级+名词eg:Whichisthesecondlongestriverintheworld.3oneofthe+最高级+名词复数eg:IsShanghaioneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina?4the+最高级+名词+(that)现在完成时从句eg:ThisisthemostboringmoiveIhaveeverseen. 4语法精讲考点三：数量的比较：1.more+可数名词复数/不可数名词+thanthemost+可数名词复数/不可数名词eg:Ihavemorestorybooksthanothers.Ihavethemoststorybooksofall.2.less+不可数名词+thanleast+不可数名词eg:WehavelesstimethanClass1topracticetennis.3.fewer+名词复数+thanfewest+复数eg:Amongalltheplayers,Igotthefewestscores. 4语法精讲考点四：原级比较：1as...as和...一样...2notso/as...as不如...→比较级+thaneg:Ninadoesn’tplaytennisaswellasme.IplaytennisbetterthanNina.3.more+原级,构成比较级→less+原级,构成比较级eg:Thebookismoreinterestingthanthatone.Thatmovieislessinterestingthanthisone. 4语法精讲考点五：同范围比较：（有other）比较级+thananyother+单数；比较级+thantheother+复数；比较级+thanalloftheother+复数eg:NagquCitycoversalargerareathanothercitiesinChina.NagquCitycoversalargerareathananyothercityinChina.考点六：不同范围比较级：比较级+thanany+单数；比较级+thanall+复数eg:TokyocoversanarealargerthanallcitiesinChina.TokyocoversanarealargerthananycityinChina. 4语法精讲考点七：常见反身代词用法1.宾语和主语是同一主体eg:Youshouldlearntotakecareofyourselves.2.同位语eg:TheboyhimselfisinterestedinChineseculture.3常见搭配：helponeselfbyoneselfforoneselfenjoyoneselfeg:Helpyourselvestosomefruitanddrinks,kids. 4语法精讲考点八：祈使句的回答：—肯定祈使句—Ok,Iwill.—否定祈使句—Sorry,Iwon’t.eg：-Don’tarrivelateagain.-Sorry,Iwon’t.-Workhard,andgetreadyforyourexam.-Ok,Iwill.考点九：祈使句的反义疑问句：肯定祈使句/否定祈使句,willyou?eg:Nevergiveup,willyou?考点十：祈使句,and/or+sbwilldo...eg:Workharder,andyoucangetgoodgrade.Don’tmakesuchmistakes,oryoumumwillbeangry. 4语法精讲考点十一：表示建议的句型should/shouldn’tdo应该/不应该做某事hadbetter(not)do最好（不要）做某事Wouldyoulikesth/todo?你想要...吗？Whynotdosth?为什么不做某事？Shallwedosth?我们...好吗?Let’sdosth,shallwe?让我们...好吗？eg:Youhadbetternotstayuplate.Wouldyouliketogowithus?Whynotgowithus? 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