高中英语2026届高考高频同义词替换和易混词辨析

同义词替换和易混词辨析一、同义词替换核心词同义替换词词性/用法说明importantsignificant,vital,essential,crucial,critical,key,fundamental adj.重点常考helpassist,aid,support,giveahandv.常用于文章主旨或段落目的句buypurchase,acquire,get,obtainv.注意：obtain更正式，purchase书面famouswell-known,renowned,celebrated,noted,distinguishedadj.用于人物、地点描述chooseselect,pick,optfor,decideonv.reading中oftenappearinlifestyle,decision-makingcontextstryattempt,strive,endeavor,makeaneffortv.尤其在教育类文章常见changealter,shift,transform,adjust,modify  v.常用于科技/社会变革类文本thinkconsider,believe,suppose,assume,reckon,viewv.注意语气变化stopcease,quit,halt,putanendto,discontinuev.注意某些词语较正式（如cease）showdemonstrate,display,present,indicate,illustrate,revealv.高考阅读核心考点词increaserise,goup,grow,expand,boost,soarv.常与数据/经济相关decreasedrop,fall,godown,reduce,v.与上组常成对出现4 decline,shrinkuseutilize,employ,apply,makeuseof,adoptv.utilize/employ更正式thinkaboutreflecton,contemplate,ponder,considerv.表示深度思考/决策前考虑becausesince,as,dueto,owingto,forthereasonthatconj./prep.注意结构变化howevernevertheless,nonetheless,yet,evenso,stilladv.阅读转折标志词重中之重richwealthy,well-off,affluent,prosperousadj.人/国家皆可用poorimpoverished,underprivileged,disadvantagedadj.表示物质/社会弱势easysimple,effortless,straightforward,manageableadj.easy文章中经常被替换掉harddifficult,tough,challenging,demandingadj.表达难度的多样性ideathought,concept,notion,belief,opinionn.表达观点类文章常见替换dangerousrisky,hazardous,unsafe,harmful,threateningadj.特别常见于科技类safesecure,protected,risk-free,harmlessadj.与dangerous成对记testexam,assessment,evaluation,quiz  n.教育类主题核心替换词4 jobwork,occupation,profession,career,positionn.job最通用，其他用于区分职业类型happyjoyful,delighted,pleased,glad,cheerful,contentadj.情感类核心替换sadupset,depressed,sorrowful,gloomy,unhappy  adj.注意语气强弱区别understandcomprehend,grasp,makesenseof,perceivev.comprehend多用于正式语境buildconstruct,establish,create,setup,developv.城市/组织/系统相关语境常见二、易混词辨析单词组词性/含义常见混淆点与用法affectvseffectaffect(v.)影响effect(n.)效果/影响affect是动词，表示“对……产生影响”；effect是名词，表示“影响的结果”advisevsadviceadvise(v.)建议advice(n.)建议advise是动词，需要加宾语；advice是名词，不能加-s，不可数acceptvsexceptaccept(v.)接受except(prep.)除了accept表示“接受”某事物；except表示“排除”，是介词losevslooselose(v.)丢失loose(adj.)松的lose是动词，表示失去；loose是形容词，表示不紧raise vs riseraise(v.)举起/抬高（及物）rise(v.)上升（不及物）raise后需接宾语；rise不接宾语，强调“自己升高”bring vs takebring带来take带走bring是“带来”，强调向说话人移动；take是“带走”，强调离开说话人borrowvslendborrow借入lend借出borrow是“向别人借”；lend是“借给别人”4 sensiblevssensitivesensible明智的sensitive敏感的sensible指人有理性判断；sensitive指情绪易波动或对某物敏感personalvspersonnelpersonal(adj.)个人的personnel(n.)人员/人事personal指“私人的”；personnel指“全体员工”economicvseconomicaleconomic(adj.)经济的economical(adj.)节约的economic涉及经济领域；economical指“省钱”emigratevsimmigrateemigrate(v.)移出immigrate(v.)移入emigratefrom...to...；immigrateto...historic vshistoricalhistoric(adj.)具有历史意义的historical(adj.)与历史有关的historic强调“重要”；historical是中性词remembervs remindremember记得remind提醒remember是主动记；remind是别人提醒你记famousvsfavorablefamous(adj.)著名的favorable(adj.)有利的famous强调“名气”；favorable强调“优势”或“利于...”principlevsprincipalprinciple(n.)原则principal(n./adj.)校长/主要的principle指“道德/科学原则”；principal多指人或主要的事物practicalvspracticablepractical实际的、实用的practicable可行的practical多用于描述“实际能力或经验”；practicable常用于计划、建议4